Critical thinking: an international health care imperative
What’s the same about this edition
1: What Are Critical Thinking, Clinical Reasoning, and Clinical Judgment?
Critical thinking: behind every healed patient
Critical thinking: not simply being critical
Rewards of learning to think critically
How this book helps you improve thinking
Problem-focused versus outcome-focused thinking
What do critical thinkers look like?
What’s familiar and what’s new?
4-Circle ct model: get the picture?
Thinking ahead, thinking-in-action, and thinking back
2: Developing Critical Thinking
How your personality affects thinking
Connecting with your learning style
Self-efficacy: believe in yourself
Effects of birth order, upbringing, and culture
Preceptors, mentors, and empowered partnerships
Factors influencing critical thinking ability
Critical thinking exercises 2.1
Focusing on outcomes (Results)
Knowledge and intellectual skills
Evaluating critical thinking: best practices
Critical thinking exercises 2.2
3: Critical Thinking and Learning Cultures: Teaching, Learning, and Taking Tests
Learning cultures: everyone teaches, everyone learns
Teaching yourself: grab the spoon
Accessing, analyzing, and applying information
Learning, unlearning, and relearning
Making the most of clinical learning
Teaching others: promoting independence
Improving grades and passing tests the first time
4: Clinical Reasoning and Clinical Judgment
Nurses: the glue and conscience of health care
Critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and clinical judgment
Critical thinking indicators and the 4-circle model
Predict, prevent, manage, promote
Outcome-focused, evidence-based care
Critical thinking exercises 4.1
Nursing process: the heart of clinical reasoning
Expanded roles: greater accountability
Nursing surveillance: monitoring closely
Ten strategies for developing clinical judgment
Charting that shows critical thinking
Critical thinking exercises 4.2
5: Ethical Reasoning, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement
Critical thinking exercises 5.1
Evidence-Based practice and quality improvement
Research and quality improvement: all nurses play a part
Critical thinking exercises 5.2
6: Practicing Clinical Reasoning Skills: Applying the Nursing Process
Clinical reasoning skills: dynamic and interrelated
Why practice these skills separately?
How to get the most out of this chapter
Skill 6.1 Identifying Assumptions
Clinical reasoning exercises: identifying assumptions
Skill 6.2 Assessing Systematically and Comprehensively
Clinical reasoning exercises: assessing systematically and comprehensively
Skill 6.3 Checking Accuracy and Reliability (Validating Data)
Clinical reasoning exercises: checking accuracy and reliability (validating data)
Skill 6.4 Distinguishing Normal From Abnormal/Identifying Signs and Symptoms
Clinical reasoning exercises: distinguishing normal from abnormal/identifying signs and symptoms
Skill 6.5 Making Inferences (Drawing Valid Conclusions)
Clinical reasoning exercises: making inferences (drawing valid conclusions)
Skill 6.6 Clustering Related Cues (Data)
Clinical reasoning exercises: clustering related cues (data)
Skill 6.7 Distinguishing Relevant From Irrelevant
Clinical reasoning exercises: distinguishing relevant from irrelevant
Skill 6.8 Recognizing Inconsistencies
Clinical reasoning exercises: recognizing inconsistencies
Skill 6.9 Identifying Patterns
Clinical reasoning exercises: identifying patterns
Skill 6.10 Identifying Missing Information
Clinical reasoning exercises: identifying missing information
Skill 6.11 Promoting Health by Identifying and Managing Risk Factors
Clinical reasoning exercises: promoting health by identifying and managing risk factors
Skill 6.12 Diagnosing Actual and Potential Problems
Clinical reasoning exercises: diagnosing actual and potential problems
Clinical reasoning exercises: setting priorities
Skill 6.14 Determining Patient-Centered (Client-Centered) Outcomes
Clinical reasoning exercises: determining patient-centered (client-centered) outcomes
Skill 6.15 Determining Individualized Interventions
Clinical reasoning exercises: determining individualized interventions
Skill 6.16 Evaluating and Correcting Thinking (Self-Regulating)
Skill 6.17 Determining a Comprehensive Plan/Evaluating and Updating the Plan
Clinical reasoning exercises: determining a comprehensive plan/evaluating and updating the plan
7: Interpersonal, Teamwork, and Self-Management Skills
Skill 7.1 Communicating Bad News
Skill 7.2 Dealing with Complaints Constructively
Skill 7.3 Developing Empowered Partnerships
Skill 7.4 Giving and Taking Constructive Criticism
Skill 7.5 Managing Conflict Constructively
Skill 7.7 Navigating and Facilitating Change
Skill 7.8 Preventing and Dealing With Mistakes Constructively
Appendix A: Response Key for Exercises in Chapters 1 to 6
Appendix B: Concept Mapping: Getting in the “Right” State of Mind
How does it promote critical thinking?
Steps for mapping to promote critical thinking
Appendix C: Results of Two Studies Describing Critical Thinking Skills
Appendix D: Key Brain Parts Involved in Thinking
Appendix E: Example Patients’ Rights and Responsibilities
Appendix F: NCLEX® Practice Questions