APPENDIX 4 Congenital ocular problems – what to check for at the first vaccination

Several congenital ocular conditions occur and they can be inherited in some breeds of dog, although inherited congenital problems are much less common in cats. They are listed below.

CONGENITAL OCULAR PROBLEMS IN DOGS

• Ophthalmia neonatorum

• Microphthalmos

• Imperforate or micropunctum

• Retinal dysplasia (multifocal, geographic and total)

• Collie eye anomaly

• Dermoid

• Persistent pupillary membrane (PPM) remnants

• Persistent hyaloid vessels

• Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous

• Congenital cataract

• Glaucoma

• Multiple ocular abnormalities (microphthalmia, nystagmus, PPM, cataract, retinal dysplasia in any combination)

• Optic nerve hypoplasia

CONGENITAL OCULAR PROBLEMS IN CATS

• Ophthalmia neonatorum

• Eyelid agenesis

• Dermoid

• In utero viral infections and subsequent ocular abnormalities

• Bilateral esotropia

• Persistent pupillary membrane remnants

• Retinal dysplasia (usually virally induced)

• Glaucoma

Table A4.1 Inherited congenital ocular problems in dogs (per BVA/KC/ISDS Eye Testing Scheme)

Condition	Breeds affected
	Schedule A – known inherited	Schedule B – suspected inherited
Collie eye anomaly	Border collie Collie (rough) Collie (smooth) Lancashire heeler Shetland sheepdog
Retinal dysplasia: T – total M – multifocal	Bedlington terrier (T) Cavalier King Charles spaniel (M) Hungarian Puli (M) Retriever (golden) (M) Retriever (Labrador) (M, T) Rottweiler (M) Sealyham terrier (T) Spaniel (American cocker) (M) Spaniel (English springer) (M)	Beagle (M) Collie (rough) German shepherd dog Giant schnauzer Norwegian elkhound Spaniel (field) Spaniel (Sussex)
Persistent pupillary membrane	Basenji	Bull mastiff Dachshund (miniature wire haired) Lancashire heeler Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen Rottweiler Siberian husky Spaniel (cocker) West Highland white terrier
Congenital hereditary cataract	Miniature schnauzer (may also have other ocular abnormalities)	Old English sheepdog Retriever (golden) West Highland white terrier
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous	Dobermann Staffordshire bull terrier
Multiple ocular defects		Bloodhound Cavalier King Charles spaniel Collie (rough) Dobermann Old English sheepdog Poodle (standard) Retriever (golden) Rottweiler Spaniel (cocker) West Highland white terrier
Coloboma		Australian shepherd
Optic nerve hypoplasia		Dachshund (miniature long haired) Poodle (miniature) Poodle (toy)

BVA/KC/ISDS, British Veterinary Association/Kennel Club/International Sheep Dog Society.

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