Introduction to alterations to regulation and control

In this part we explore regulation and control of all body processes, carried out by the nervous and endocrine systems. Nervous system concepts include neuron communication, organisation of the brain and spinal cord, and coordination of sensory and motor function. The autonomic nervous system is important as it is considered throughout this book in relation to health and disease. An integral part of the nervous system is the transmission of pain, and a complete understanding of pain is important for healthcare professionals. Neurological dysfunctions encompass general manifestations such as consciousness through to stroke, a leading cause of disability in our community. Neurological alterations include dementias and Alzheimer’s disease, and degenerative disorders that become debilitating. The role of the main endocrine glands and their hormones contributes to the control of body processes. Endocrine alterations include those with greatest clinical significance: alterations to fluid balance, blood glucose levels and metabolism.