B

Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine, 512t
Baclofen
gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, 530
muscle relaxant, 304
Bacterial endocarditis, 181
Bacterial infections, 191–211
abscesses, 210
acne, 210
bites, 210
blood infections, 191–192
bone and joints, 201–202
bronchi, 193–195
burns, 209
cellulitis, 209–210
eye infections, 202
gas gangrene, 209
genital tract infections, 200–201
health-care-associated infections, 210
intestines, 198–199
lungs, 193–195
paranasal sinuses, 192
pleura, 193–195
skin, 274
throat, 192–193
urinary tract, 199–200
wounds, 210 see also specific infections
Bacterial peritonitis, subacute, 550
Bacterial vaginosis, 201
Bactericidal antibacterial drugs, 163
Bacteriostatic antibacterial drugs, 163
Balsalazide, 541
BAM (bile acid malabsorption), 538
Barbiturates
abuse, 148
antiepilepsy drugs, 358
insomnia treatment, 340t
Barrier preparations, topical drugs, 262
Basal bolus therapy, insulin, 576
B-cell depletion agents, 254
BCG (Bacille Calmette–Guerin), 512t
Beclomethasone, 563
asthma treatment, 476–477
Bed rest, ascites therapy, 550
Beef tapeworm (Taenia saginata), 237t
Belimumab, 254
Bendroflumethiazide, 455–456
efficacy, 454
Beneficence, 38
Benefits of drugs, 10–12
cost-effectiveness analysis, 59
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 464
hormonal agents, 518
Benoxaprofen withdrawal, 63
Benserazide
enzyme inhibition, 94t
levodopa with, Parkinson's disease, 362
Bentham, Jeremy, 34–35
Benxidazole, 235
Benzatropine, 128t
Benzodiazepines
adverse effects, 340–341
antagonists, 341
antiepilepsy drugs, 354, 358
dependency, 339–340
drug interactions, 341
indications, 347t
anaesthesia, 297
anxiety disorders, 336t
co-analgesics, 290
generalised anxiety disorder, 335
insomnia treatment, 339–341
panic disorder, 331
mode of action, 354
overdose, 341
pharmacokinetics, 339
pregnancy, 341
tolerance, 339
withdrawal, 340 see also specific drugs
Benzothiazepines, 396
Benzthiazide, 456
Benzyl benzoate, 267
Benzylpenicillin (penicillin G), 174, 175
indications, 175
endocarditis, 196
Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis, 196
Neisseria meningitidis meningitis, 197
Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis, 197
plasma half-life, 84t
Beta-blockers See β-Adrenoceptor blockers
Betamethasone, 563
relative potencies, 562t
Betaxolol, 405t
Bethanechol, 374
Bevacizumab (Avastin), 520, 520t
Bezafibrate, 449
Bicalutamide, 602
Bicarbonate, diabetes ketoacidosis, 583
Biguanides, 579–580, 579t
Bile acid malabsorption (BAM), 538
Bile acid sequestrants, 449
Biliary excretion, 95
Biliary tract, 546–555
Bioassays, 78
Bioavailability
absorption, 86–87
definition, 86
human studies, 41
modified-release formulation, 86
Bioequivalence, 41
Biological activity, metabolism, 91–92, 92t
Biological effect half-life, 84
Biological factors, absorption, 87
Biological substances, poisoning, 133
Biological therapy
Crohn's disease therapy, 542–543
inflammatory bowel disease therapy, 543
ulcerative colitis management, 542 see also specific drugs
Biotechnology-derived pharmaceuticals, 34
Bipolar affective disorder, 328
Bisacodyl, 539
Bismuth chelate, 532
Bismuth sub-citrate, 532
Bisoprolol, 409
therapeutic dose, 405t
Bisphosphonates, 622
bone pain, 292
  Page 634 
hypercalcaemia treatment, 619
osteoporosis, 623
Bites
bacterial infections, 210
septicaemia, 192
Bivalirudin, 490
Bizarre behaviours, schizophrenia, 324t
Bleeding oesophageal varices, 599
Blood bacterial infections, 191–192
Blood flow
liver disease, 546–547
shock, 389
Blood glucose, insulin action, 573
Blood vessels
cholinergic drugs, 374
histamine actions, 471
BMI (body mass index), 585
BNF See British National Formulary (BNF)
Body mass index (BMI), 585
Body-weight calculation, 97
Bone, bacterial infections, 201–202
Bone marrow suppression, cytotoxic drugs, 514
Bone metabolism, adrenal steroids, 559
Bone pain, 292
Bone tuberculosis, 203f, 205
Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough), 193
Bortezomib, 520t
Bosentan, 419
Botox (botulinum toxin), 367
Botulinum toxin (Botox), 367
Bovine insulin, 573
Bowel lumen amoebiasis, 235
BPH See Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Bradycardia, 419
Bradykinin, 398
Brain, ionised drug pharmacokinetics, 81
Bran, 539
Brand name, 70, 71
Breast carcinoma, 518, 604
Breast feeding
antiretroviral therapy, 216
epilepsy, 352
ethanol consumption, 148
Breast milk, 95–96
British Hypertension Society, 413–414, 415
British National Formulary (BNF), 27
nomenclature, 71
Broad-spectrum penicillins, 175–176
Bromocriptine
hyperprolactinaemia, 598–599
Parkinson's disease, 363
Bromopheniramine, 472
Bronchi
bacterial infections, 193–195
dilatation, 474–475
inflammation reduction, 474
parasympathetic nervous system, 373
secretions, iodine/radioiodine, 591
Bronchial asthma See Asthma
Bronchitis, 193–194
eosinophilic, 467
Bronchoconstriction, β-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs, 407
Bronchodilators, antimuscarinic See Antimuscarinic bronchodilators
Bronchogenic carcinoma, 151
Bronchospasm, 117
Brugia malayi, 237t
Brugia timori, 237t
Buccal administration, 88
Buccal mucosal absorption, 86
Buccal preparations, androgens, 601
Budesonide, 563
asthma treatment, 476–477
autoimmune hepatitis, 551
Crohn's disease therapy, 542
Bulimia nervosa, 318
Bullous pemphigoid, 268
Bumetanide, 455
loop of Henle, 453–454
Bupivacaine
dosage, 307t
local anaesthesia, 306
Buprenorphine, 287
analgesic equivalent, 289t
Bupropion
as antidepressant, 314
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 340t, 346
cholinergic drugs, 374–375
tobacco smoking cessation, 152
Burns, bacterial infections, 209
Buserelin, 518, 598
Buspirone
anxiety disorders, 336t
generalised anxiety disorder, 335
Busulfan, 506
Butorphanol, 287