1. For each foramen below, identify the nerve(s) that pass through that foramen:
- Superior orbital fissure
- Rotundum
- Ovale
- Internal acoustic meatus
- Jugular
2. About how much CSF is produced a day and where is it reabsorbed into the venous system?
3. Trace venous blood in the superior petrosal sinus to the right atrium.
4. For each intracranial hematoma, suggest the most likely vascular source:
- Epidural
- Subdural
- Subarachnoid
5. How is the facial cranial nerve classified functionally?
6. Trace the pathway of tears from the lacrimal gland to the nasal cavity.
7. During clinical testing of the extraocular muscles, which two muscles elevate the eye and what nerves innervate them?
8. Define the following refractive disorders:
- Myopia
- Hyperopia
- Presbyopia
9. What is glaucoma, and which type is most common?
10. Account for each clinical sign of Horner’s syndrome.
11. What nerve innervates the parotid salivary gland?
12. What deficits might be expected if the chorda tympani nerve is damaged?
13. Which paranasal sinuses drain into the middle meatus beneath the middle nasal concha?
14. Identify the five nerves that innervate the tongue.
15. What nerve(s) innervate the infrahyoid muscles (strap muscles) of the neck?
16. Where can one find the phrenic nerve in the neck, and what does it innervate?
17. What are the arterial branches of the thyrocervical trunk?
18. During thyroid surgery, what nerve must be identified and preserved?
19. What are the three subdivisions of the pharynx?
20. What is the retropharyngeal space, and why is it important?
21. What is Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring?
22. Where are the neurons located that give rise to all postganglionic sympathetic fibers innervating the head?
23. Developmentally, the hindbrain gives rise to what CNS regions?
24. What cranial nerve is associated with the third pharyngeal arch, and what bones or cartilages are derived from this arch?
25. How would you clinically test each CN?
More questions are available online. See Table of Contents for Instructions for online access.
