S

SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder)

Readiness for enhanced Resilience: uses SAD lights during winter months

See Depression (Major Depressive Disorder)

Sadness

Complicated Grieving r/t actual or perceived loss

Spiritual Distress r/t intense suffering

Risk for Powerlessness: Risk factor: actual or perceived loss

Risk for Spiritual Distress: Risk factor: loss of loved one

Readiness for enhanced Communication: willingness to share feelings and thoughts

Readiness for enhanced Spiritual Well-Being: desire for harmony after actual or perceived loss

See Depression (Major Depressive Disorder); Major Depressive Disorder

Safe Sex

Readiness for enhanced Self-Health Management: taking appropriate precautions during sexual activity to keep from contacting a sexually transmitted disease

See Sexuality, Adolescent; STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease)

Safety, Childhood

Deficient Knowledge: potential for enhanced health maintenance r/t parental knowledge and skill acquisition regarding appropriate safety measures

Risk for Aspiration (See Aspiration, risk for, Section III)

Risk for Injury/Trauma: Risk factors: developmental age, altered home maintenance

Risk for impaired Parenting: Risk factors: lack of available and effective role model, lack of knowledge, misinformation from other family members (old wives’ tales)

Risk for Poisoning: Risk factors: use of lead-based paint; presence of asbestos or radon gas; drugs not locked in cabinet; household products left in accessible area (bleach, detergent, drain cleaners, household cleaners); alcohol and perfume within reach of child; presence of poisonous plants; atmospheric pollutants

Risk for Thermal Injury r/t inadequate supervision

Readiness for enhanced Childbearing Process: appropriate knowledge for care of child

Readiness for enhanced Immunization Status: expresses desire to enhance immunization status

Salmonella

Impaired Home Maintenance r/t improper preparation or storage of food, lack of safety measures when caring for pet reptile

Risk for Electrolyte Imbalance: Risk factor: diarrhea

Readiness for enhanced Self-Health Management: avoiding improperly prepared or stored food, wearing gloves when handling pet reptiles or their feces

See Gastroenteritis; Gastroenteritis, Child

Salpingectomy

Decisional Conflict r/t sterilization procedure

Grieving r/t possible loss from tubal pregnancy

Risk for impaired Urinary Elimination: Risk factor: trauma to ureter during surgery

See Hysterectomy; Surgery, Perioperative Care; Surgery, Postoperative Care; Surgery, Preoperative Care

Sarcoidosis

Anxiety r/t change in health status

Impaired Gas Exchange r/t ventilation-perfusion imbalance

Ineffective Health Maintenance r/t deficient knowledge regarding home care and medication regimen

Acute Pain r/t possible disease affecting joints

Ineffective Protection r/t immune disorder

Risk for decreased Cardiac tissue perfusion: Risk factor: dysrhythmias

Risk for impaired Skin Integrity: Risk factor: immunological disorder

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)

Risk for Infection: Risk factor: increased environmental exposure (travelers in close proximity to infected persons, traveling when a fever is present)

Readiness for enhanced Knowledge: information regarding travel and precautions to avoid exposure to SARS

See Pneumonia

SBE (Self-Breast Examination)

Readiness for enhanced Knowledge: self-breast examination

Readiness for enhanced Self-Health Management: desires to have information about SBE

Scabies

See Communicable Diseases, Childhood

Scared

Anxiety r/t threat of death, threat to or change in health status

Death Anxiety r/t unresolved issues surrounding end-of-life decisions

Fear r/t hospitalization, real or imagined threat to own well-being

Impaired individual Resilience r/t violence

Readiness for enhanced Communication: willingness to share thoughts and feelings

Schizophrenia

Ineffective Activity Planning r/t compromised ability to process information

Anxiety r/t unconscious conflict with reality

Impaired verbal Communication r/t psychosis, disorientation, inaccurate perception, hallucinations, delusions

Ineffective Coping r/t inadequate support systems, unrealistic perceptions, inadequate coping skills, disturbed thought processes, impaired communication

Deficient Diversional Activity r/t social isolation, possible regression

Interrupted Family Processes r/t inability to express feelings, impaired communication

Fear r/t altered contact with reality

Ineffective Health Maintenance r/t cognitive impairment, ineffective individual and family coping, lack of material resources

Impaired Home Maintenance r/t impaired cognitive or emotional functioning, insufficient finances, inadequate support systems

Hopelessness r/t long-term stress from chronic mental illness

Disturbed personal Identity r/t psychiatric disorder

Insomnia r/t sensory alterations contributing to fear and anxiety

Impaired Memory r/t psychosocial condition

Self-Neglect r/t psychosis

Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements r/t fear of eating, lack of awareness of hunger, disinterest toward food

Impaired individual Resilience r/t psychological disorder

Self-Care deficit: specify r/t loss of contact with reality, impairment of perception

Sleep deprivation r/t intrusive thoughts, nightmares

Impaired Social Interaction r/t impaired communication patterns, self-concept disturbance, disturbed thought processes

Social Isolation r/t lack of trust, regression, delusional thinking, repressed fears

Chronic Sorrow r/t chronic mental illness

Spiritual Distress r/t loneliness, social alienation

Ineffective family Therapeutic Regimen Management r/t chronicity and unpredictability of condition

Risk for Caregiver Role Strain: Risk factors: bizarre behavior of client, chronicity of condition

Risk for compromised Human Dignity: Risk factor: stigmatizing label

Risk for Loneliness: Risk factor: inability to interact socially

Risk for Post-Trauma Syndrome: Risk factor: diminished ego strength

Risk for Powerlessness: Risk factor: intrusive, distorted thinking

Risk for impaired Religiosity: Risk factors: ineffective coping, lack of security

Risk for Suicide: Risk factor: psychiatric illness

Risk for self- and other-directed Violence: Risk factors: lack of trust, panic, hallucinations, delusional thinking

Readiness for enhanced Hope: expresses desire to enhance interconnectedness with others and problem-solve to meet goals

Readiness for enhanced Power: expresses willingness to enhance participation in choices for daily living and health and enhance knowledge for participation in change

Sciatica

See Neuropathy, Peripheral

Scoliosis

Risk-prone Health Behavior r/t lack of developmental maturity to comprehend long-term consequences of noncompliance with treatment procedures

Disturbed Body Image r/t use of therapeutic braces, postsurgery scars, restricted physical activity

Ineffective Breathing Pattern r/t restricted lung expansion caused by severe curvature of spine

Impaired Comfort r/t altered health status and body image

Impaired Gas Exchange r/t restricted lung expansion as a result of severe presurgery curvature of spine, immobilization

Impaired physical Mobility r/t restricted movement, dyspnea caused by severe curvature of spine

Acute Pain r/t musculoskeletal restrictions, surgery, reambulation with cast or spinal rod

Impaired Skin Integrity r/t braces, casts, surgical correction

Chronic Sorrow r/t chronic disability

Ineffective Health Maintenance r/t deficient knowledge regarding treatment modalities, restrictions, home care, postoperative activities

Risk for Infection: Risk factor: surgical incision

Risk for Perioperative Positioning Injury: Risk factor: prone position

Risk for compromised Resilience: Risk factor: chronic condition

Readiness for enhanced Self-Health Management: desires knowledge regarding treatment for condition

See Hospitalized Child; Maturational Issues, Adolescent

Sedentary Lifestyle

Activity Intolerance r/t sedentary lifestyle

Sedentary lifestyle (See Sedentary lifestyle, Section III)

Risk for ineffective peripheral Tissue Perfusion r/t lack of exercise/movement

Readiness for enhanced Coping: seeking knowledge of new strategies to adjust to sedentary lifestyle

Seizure Disorders, Adult

Acute Confusion r/t postseizure state

Social Isolation r/t unpredictability of seizures, community-imposed stigma

Risk for ineffective Airway Clearance: Risk factor: accumulation of secretions during seizure

Risk for Falls: Risk factor: uncontrolled seizure activity

Risk for unstable blood Glucose level (hypoglycemia)

Risk for Powerlessness: Risk factor: possible seizure

Risk for compromised Resilience: Risk factor: chronic illness

Readiness for enhanced Knowledge: anticonvulsive therapy

Readiness for enhanced Self-Care: expresses desire to enhance knowledge and responsibility for self-care

See Epilepsy

Seizure Disorders, Childhood (Epilepsy, Febrile Seizures, Infantile Spasms)

Ineffective Health Maintenance r/t lack of knowledge regarding anticonvulsive therapy, fever reduction (febrile seizures)

Social Isolation r/t unpredictability of seizures, community-imposed stigma

Risk for ineffective Airway Clearance: Risk factor: accumulation of secretions during seizure

Risk for delayed Development and disproportionate Growth: Risk factors: effects of seizure disorder, parental overprotection

Risk for Falls: Risk factor: possible seizure

Risk for Injury: Risk factors: uncontrolled movements during seizure, falls, drowsiness caused by anticonvulsants

See Epilepsy

Self-Breast Examination (SBE)

See SBE (Self-Breast Examination)

Self-Care

Readiness for enhanced Self-Care (See Self-Care, readiness for enhanced, Section III)

Self-Care Deficit, Bathing

Bathing Self-Care deficit (See Self-Care deficit, bathing, Section III)

Self-Care Deficit, Dressing

Dressing Self-Care deficit (See Self-Care deficit, dressing, Section III)

Self-Care Deficit, Feeding

Feeding Self-Care deficit (See Self-Care deficit, feeding, Section III)

Self-Care Deficit, Toileting

Toileting Self-Care deficit (See Self-Care deficit, toileting, Section III)

Self-Concept

Readiness for enhanced Self-Concept (See Self-Concept, readiness for enhanced, Section III)

Self-Destructive Behavior

Post-Trauma Syndrome r/t unresolved feelings from traumatic event

Risk for Self-Mutilation: Risk factors: feelings of depression, rejection, self-hatred, depersonalization; command hallucinations

Risk for Suicide: Risk factor: history of self-destructive behavior

Risk for self-directed Violence: Risk factors: panic state, history of child abuse, toxic reaction to medication

Self-Esteem, Chronic Low

Chronic low Self-Esteem (See Self-Esteem, low, chronic, Section III)

Risk for disturbed personal Identity r/t chronic low self-esteem

Self-Esteem, Situational Low

Situational low Self-Esteem (See Self-Esteem, low, situational, Section III)

Risk for situational low Self-Esteem (See Self-Esteem, low, situational, risk for, Section III)

Self-Health Management, Ineffective

Ineffective Self-Health Management (See Self-Health Management, ineffective, Section III)

Self-Health Management, Readiness for Enhanced

Readiness for enhanced Self-Health Management (See Self-Health Management, readiness for enhanced, Section III)

Self-Mutilation, Risk for

Self-Mutilation (See Self-Mutilation, Section III)

Ineffective Impulse Control r/t ineffective management of anxiety

Risk for Self-Mutilation (See Self-Mutilation, risk for, Section III)

Senile Dementia

Sedentary lifestyle r/t lack of interest

Ineffective Relationship r/t cognitive changes in one partner

See Dementia

Separation Anxiety

Ineffective Coping r/t maturational and situational crises, vulnerability related to developmental age, hospitalization, separation from family and familiar surroundings, multiple caregivers

Insomnia r/t separation for significant others

Risk for impaired Attachment: Risk factor: separation

See Hospitalized Child

Sepsis, Child

Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements r/t anorexia, generalized weakness, poor sucking reflex

Ineffective peripheral Tissue Perfusion: r/t arterial or venous blood flow exchange problems, septic shock

Delayed Surgical Recovery r/t presence of infection

Ineffective Thermoregulation r/t infectious process, septic shock

Risk for impaired Skin Integrity: Risk factors: desquamation caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation

See Hospitalized Child; Premature Infant, Child

Septicemia

Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements r/t anorexia, generalized weakness

Ineffective peripheral Tissue Perfusion r/t decreased systemic vascular resistance

Risk for imbalanced Fluid Volume r/t vasodilation of peripheral vessels, leaking of capillaries

Risk for Shock: Risk factors: hypotension, hypovolemia

See Sepsis, Child; Shock, Septic

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

See SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome); Pneumonia

Sexual Dysfunction

Sexual Dysfunction (See Sexual Dysfunction, Section III)

Ineffective Relationship r/t reported sexual dissatisfaction between partners

Chronic Sorrow r/t loss of ideal sexual experience, altered relationships

Risk for chronic low Self-Esteem

See Erectile Dysfunction (ED)

Sexuality, Adolescent

Disturbed Body Image r/t anxiety caused by unachieved developmental milestone (puberty) or deficient knowledge regarding reproductive maturation as manifested by amenorrhea or expressed concerns regarding lack of growth of secondary sex characteristics

Decisional Conflict: sexual activity r/t undefined personal values or beliefs, multiple or divergent sources of information, lack of relevant information

Ineffective Impulse Control r/t denial of consequences of actions

Deficient Knowledge: potential for enhanced health maintenance r/t multiple or divergent sources of information or lack of relevant information regarding sexual transmission of disease, contraception, prevention of toxic shock syndrome

See Maturational Issues, Adolescent

Sexuality Pattern, Ineffective

Ineffective Sexuality Pattern (See Sexuality Pattern, ineffective, Section III)

Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)

See STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease)

Shaken Baby Syndrome

Decreased Intracranial Adaptive Capacity r/t brain injury

Impaired Parenting r/t stress, history of being abusive

Impaired individual Resilience r/t poor impulse control

Stress overload r/t intense repeated family stressors, family violence

Risk for other-directed Violence: Risk factors: history of violence against others, perinatal complications

See Child Abuse; Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (SCAN), Child; Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (SCAN), Parent

Shakiness

Anxiety r/t situational or maturational crisis, threat of death

Shame

Situational low Self-Esteem r/t inability to deal with past traumatic events, blaming of self for events not under one’s control

Shingles

Impaired Comfort r/t inflammation

Acute Pain r/t vesicular eruption along the nerves

Ineffective Protection r/t abnormal blood profiles

Social Isolation r/t altered state of wellness, contagiousness of disease

Risk for Infection: Risk factor: tissue destruction

Readiness for enhanced Immunization Status: expresses desire to enhance immunization status

See Itching

Shivering

Impaired Comfort r/t altered health status

Fear r/t serious threat to health status

Hypothermia r/t exposure to cool environment

Risk for Injury: Risk factor: prolonged shock resulting in multiple organ failure or death

Risk for decreased Cardiac tissue perfusion: Risk factor: hypotension, hypovolemia

Risk for ineffective Renal Perfusion: Risk factor: hypovolemia

Risk for Shock (See Shock, risk for, Section III)

See Shock, Cardiogenic; Shock, Hypovolemic; Shock, Septic

Shock, Cardiogenic

Decreased Cardiac Output r/t decreased myocardial contractility, dysrhythmia

Shock, Hypovolemic

Deficient Fluid Volume r/t abnormal loss of fluid, trauma, third spacing

Shock, Septic

Deficient Fluid Volume r/t abnormal loss of fluid through capillaries, pooling of blood in peripheral circulation

Ineffective Protection r/t inadequately functioning immune system

See Sepsis, Child; Septicemia

Shoulder Repair

Self-Care deficit: bathing, dressing, feeding r/t immobilization of affected shoulder

Risk for Perioperative Positioning Injury: Risk factor: immobility

See Surgery, Preoperative; Surgery, Perioperative; Surgery, Postoperative; Total Joint Replacement (Total Hip/Total Knee/Shoulder)

Sickle Cell Anemia/Crisis

Activity Intolerance r/t fatigue, effects of chronic anemia

Impaired Comfort r/t altered health status

Deficient Fluid Volume r/t decreased intake, increased fluid requirements during sickle cell crisis, decreased ability of kidneys to concentrate urine

Impaired physical Mobility r/t pain, fatigue

Acute Pain r/t viscous blood, tissue hypoxia

Ineffective peripheral Tissue Perfusion r/t effects of red cell sickling, infarction of tissues

Risk for disproportionate Growth: Risk factor: chronic illness

Risk for Infection: Risk factor: alterations in splenic function

Risk for decreased Cardiac tissue perfusion: Risk factors: effects of red cell sickling, infarction of tissues

Risk for ineffective cerebral, gastrointestinal, renal Tissue Perfusion: Risk factors: effects of red cell sickling, infarction of tissues

Risk for compromised Resilience: Risk factor: chronic illness

Readiness for enhanced Immunization Status: receives appropriate immunizations to prevent disease

See Child with Chronic Condition; Hospitalized Child

SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)

Anxiety/Fear: parental r/t life-threatening event

Interrupted Family Processes r/t stress as a result of special care needs of infant with apnea

Grieving r/t potential loss of infant

Insomnia: parental/infant r/t home apnea monitoring

Deficient Knowledge: potential for enhanced health maintenance r/t knowledge or skill acquisition of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and home apnea monitoring

Impaired Resilience r/t sudden loss

Risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (See Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, risk for, Section III)

Risk for Powerlessness: Risk factor: unanticipated life-threatening event

See Terminally Ill Child/Death of Child, Parent

Situational Crisis

Ineffective Coping r/t situational crisis

Interrupted Family Processes r/t situational crisis

Risk for ineffective Activity Planning r/t inability to process information

Risk for disturbed personal Identity r/t situational crisis

Readiness for enhanced Communication: willingness to share feelings and thoughts

Readiness for enhanced Religiosity: requests religious material and/or experiences

Readiness for enhanced Resilience: desire to enhance resilience

Readiness for enhanced Spiritual Well-Being: desire for harmony following crisis

SJS (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome)

See Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)

Skin Cancer

Ineffective Health Maintenance r/t deficient knowledge regarding self-care with skin cancer

Ineffective Protection r/t weakened immune system

Impaired Skin Integrity r/t abnormal cell growth in skin, treatment of skin cancer

Readiness for enhanced Knowledge: self-care to prevent and treat skin cancer

Readiness for enhanced Self-Health Management: follows preventive measures

Skin Disorders

Impaired Skin Integrity (See Skin Integrity, impaired, Section III)

Skin Integrity, Risk for Impaired

Risk for impaired Skin Integrity (See Skin Integrity, impaired, risk for, Section III)

Skin Turgor, Change in Elasticity

Deficient Fluid Volume r/t active fluid loss

Sleep

Readiness for enhanced Sleep (See Sleep, readiness for enhanced, Section III)

Sleep Apnea

See PND (Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea)

Sleep Deprivation

Fatigue r/t lack of sleep

Sleep deprivation (See Sleep deprivation, Section III)

Sleep Pattern Disorders

Insomnia (See Insomnia, Section III)

Sleep Pattern, Disturbed, Parent/Child

Insomnia: child r/t anxiety or fear

Insomnia: parent r/t parental responsibilities, stress

See Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (SCAN), Child and Parent

Slurring of Speech

Impaired verbal Communication r/t decrease in circulation to brain, brain tumor, anatomical defect, cleft palate

Situational low Self-Esteem r/t speech impairment

See Communication Problems

Small Bowel Resection

See Abdominal Surgery

Smell, Loss of Ability to

Risk for Injury: Risk factors: inability to detect gas fumes, smoke smells

See Anosmia

Smoke Inhalation

Ineffective Airway Clearance r/t smoke inhalation

Impaired Gas Exchange r/t ventilation-perfusion imbalance

Risk for acute Confusion: Risk factor: decreased oxygen supply

Risk for Poisoning: Risk factor: exposure to carbon monoxide

Readiness for enhanced Self-Health Management: functioning smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors in home and work, plan for escape route worked out and reviewed

See Atelectasis; Burns; Pneumonia

Smoking Behavior

Insufficient Breast Milk r/t smoking

Risk-prone Health Behavior r/t smoking

Altered Health Maintenance r/t denial of effects of smoking, lack of effective support for smoking withdrawal

Readiness for enhanced Knowledge: expresses interest in smoking cessation

Risk for dry Eye r/t smoking

Risk for ineffective peripheral Tissue Perfusion r/t effect of nicotine

Risk for Thermal Injury r/t unsafe smoking behavior

Social Interaction, Impaired

Impaired Social Interaction (See Social Interaction, impaired, Section III)

Social Isolation

Social Isolation (See Social Isolation, Section III)

Sociopathic Personality

See Antisocial Personality Disorder

Sodium, Decrease/Increase

See Hyponatremia; Hypernatremia

Somatization Disorder

Anxiety r/t unresolved conflicts channeled into physical complaints or conditions

Ineffective Coping r/t lack of insight into underlying conflicts

Ineffective Denial r/t displaces psychological stress to physical symptoms

Nausea r/t anxiety

Chronic Pain r/t unexpressed anger, multiple physical disorders, depression

Impaired individual Resilience r/t possible psychological disorders

Sore Nipples, Breastfeeding

Ineffective Breastfeeding r/t deficient knowledge regarding correct feeding procedure

See Painful Breasts, Sore Nipples

Sore Throat

Impaired Comfort r/t sore throat

Deficient Knowledge r/t treatment, relief of discomfort

Impaired Oral Mucous Membrane r/t inflammation or infection of oral cavity

Impaired Swallowing r/t irritation of oropharyngeal cavity

Sorrow

Grieving r/t loss of significant person, object, or role

Chronic Sorrow (See Sorrow, chronic, Section III)

Readiness for enhanced Communication: expresses thoughts and feelings

Readiness for enhanced Spiritual Well-Being: desire to find purpose and meaning of loss

Spastic Colon

See IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)

Speech Disorders

Anxiety r/t difficulty with communication

Impaired verbal Communication r/t anatomical defect, cleft palate, psychological barriers, decrease in circulation to brain

Delayed Growth and Development r/t effects of physical or mental disability

Spina Bifida

See Neural Tube Defects

Spinal Cord Injury

Deficient Diversional Activity r/t long-term hospitalization, frequent lengthy treatments

Fear r/t powerlessness over loss of body function

Complicated Grieving r/t loss of usual body function

Sedentary Lifestyle r/t lack of resources or interest

Impaired wheelchair Mobility r/t neuromuscular impairment

Urinary Retention r/t inhibition of reflex arc

Risk for Latex Allergy Response: Risk factor: continuous or intermittent catheterization

Risk for Autonomic Dysreflexia: Risk factors: bladder or bowel distention, skin irritation, deficient knowledge of patient and caregiver

Risk for ineffective Breathing Pattern: Risk factor: neuromuscular impairment

Risk for Infection: Risk factors: chronic disease, stasis of body fluids

Risk for Loneliness: Risk factor: physical immobility

Risk for Powerlessness: Risk factor: loss of function

See Child with Chronic Condition; Hospitalized Child; Neural Tube Defects; Paralysis

Spinal Fusion

Impaired bed Mobility r/t impaired ability to turn side to side while keeping spine in proper alignment

Impaired physical Mobility r/t musculoskeletal impairment associated with surgery, possible back brace

Readiness for enhanced Knowledge: expresses interest in information associated with surgery

See Acute Back; Back Pain; Scoliosis; Surgery, Preoperative Care; Surgery, Perioperative Care; Surgery, Postoperative Care

Spiritual Distress

Spiritual Distress (See Spiritual Distress, Section III)

Risk for chronic low Self-Esteem r/t unresolved spiritual issues

Risk for Spiritual Distress (See Spiritual Distress, risk for, Section III)

Spiritual Well-Being

Readiness for enhanced Spiritual Well-Being (See Spiritual Well-Being, readiness for enhanced, Section III)

Splenectomy

See Abdominal Surgery

Sprains

Acute Pain r/t physical injury

Impaired physical Mobility r/t injury

Stapedectomy

Acute Pain r/t headache

Hearing Loss caused by edema from surgery

Risk for Falls: Risk factor: dizziness

Risk for Infection: Risk factor: invasive procedure

Stasis Ulcer

Impaired Tissue Integrity r/t chronic venous congestion

See CHF (Congestive Heart Failure); Varicose Veins

STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease)

Impaired Comfort r/t infection

Fear r/t altered body function, risk for social isolation, fear of incurable illness

Ineffective Health Maintenance r/t deficient knowledge regarding transmission, symptoms, treatment of STD

Ineffective Sexuality Pattern r/t illness, altered body function

Social Isolation r/t fear of contracting or spreading disease

Risk for Infection: spread of infection: Risk factor: lack of knowledge concerning transmission of disease

Readiness for enhanced Knowledge: seeks information regarding prevention and treatment of STDs

See Maturational Issues, Adolescent; PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)

STEMI (ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction)

See MI (Myocardial Infarction)

Stent (Coronary Artery Stent)

Risk for Injury: Risk factor: complications associated with stent placement

Risk for decreased Cardiac tissue perfusion: Risk factor: possible restenosis

Risk for Vascular Trauma: Risk factor: insertion site, catheter width

Readiness for enhanced Decision-Making: expresses desire to enhance risk-benefit analysis, understanding and meaning of choices, and decisions regarding treatment

See Angioplasty, Coronary; Cardiac Catheterization

Sterilization Surgery

Decisional Conflict r/t multiple or divergent sources of information, unclear personal values or beliefs

See Surgery, Preoperative Care; Surgery, Perioperative Care; Surgery, Postoperative Care; Tubal Ligation; Vasectomy

Stertorous Respirations

Ineffective Airway Clearance r/t pharyngeal obstruction

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)

Impaired Oral Mucous Membrane r/t immunocompromised condition associated with allergic medication reaction

Acute Pain r/t painful skin lesions and painful oral mucosa lesions

Impaired Skin Integrity r/t allergic medication reaction

Risk for acute Confusion: Risk factors: dehydration, electrolyte disturbances

Risk for imbalanced Fluid Volume: Risk factors: factors affecting fluid needs (hypermetabolic state, hyperthermia), excessive losses through normal routes (vomiting and diarrhea)

Risk for Infection: Risk factor: broken skin

Risk for impaired Liver Function: Risk factor: infection

Stillbirth

See Pregnancy Loss

Stoma

See Colostomy; Ileostomy

Stomatitis

Impaired Oral Mucous Membrane r/t pathological conditions of oral cavity

Stone, Kidney

See Kidney Stone

Stool, Hard/Dry

Constipation r/t inadequate fluid intake, inadequate fiber intake, decreased activity level, decreased gastric motility

Straining with Defecation

Decreased Cardiac Output r/t vagal stimulation with dysrhythmia resulting from Valsalva maneuver

Constipation r/t less than adequate fluid intake, less than adequate dietary intake

Strep Throat

Risk for Infection: Risk factor: exposure to pathogen

See Sore Throat

Stress

Anxiety r/t feelings of helplessness, feelings of being threatened

Ineffective Coping r/t ineffective use of problem-solving process, feelings of apprehension or helplessness

Disturbed Energy Field r/t low energy level, feelings of hopelessness

Fear r/t powerlessness over feelings

Stress overload r/t intense or multiple stressors

Risk for Post-Trauma Syndrome: Risk factors: perception of event, survivor’s role in event

Readiness for enhanced Communication: shows willingness to share thoughts and feelings

Readiness for enhanced Spiritual Well-Being: expresses desire for harmony and peace in stressful situation

See Anxiety

Stress Overload

Stress overload (See Stress overload, Section III)

Stress Urinary Incontinence

Stress urinary Incontinence r/t degenerative change in pelvic muscles

Risk for urge urinary Incontinence: Risk factor: involuntary sphincter relaxation

See Incontinence of Urine

Stridor

Ineffective Airway Clearance r/t obstruction, tracheobronchial infection, trauma

Stroke

See CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident)

Stuttering

Anxiety r/t impaired verbal communication

Impaired verbal Communication r/t anxiety, psychological problems

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Acute Pain: headache r/t irritation of meninges from blood, increased intracranial pressure

Risk for ineffective Cerebral tissue perfusion: Risk factor: bleeding from cerebral vessel

See Intracranial Pressure, Increased

Substance Abuse

Compromised/disabled family Coping r/t codependency issues

Defensive Coping r/t substance abuse

Ineffective Coping r/t use of substances to cope with life events

Ineffective Denial r/t refusal to acknowledge substance abuse problem

Dysfunctional Family Processes r/t substance abuse

Deficient community Health r/t prevention and control of illegal substances in community

Ineffective Impulse Control r/t addictive process

Ineffective Relationship r/t inability for well-balanced collaboration between partners

Insomnia r/t irritability, nightmares, tremors

Risk for impaired Attachment: Risk factor: substance abuse

Risk for disturbed personal Identity r/t ingestion/inhalation of toxic chemicals

Risk for chronic low Self Esteem

Risk for Thermal Injury

Risk for Vascular Trauma: Risk factor: chemical irritant

Risk for self- or other-directed Violence: Risk factors: reactions to substances used, impulsive behavior, disorientation, impaired judgment

Readiness for enhanced Coping: seeking social support and knowledge of new strategies

Readiness for enhanced Self-Concept: accepting strengths and limitations

See Alcoholism; Drug Abuse; Maturational Issues, Adolescent

Substance Abuse, Adolescent

See Alcohol Withdrawal; Maturational Issues, Adolescent; Substance Abuse

Substance Abuse in Pregnancy

Ineffective Childbearing Process r/t use of substance abuse

Defensive Coping r/t denial of situation, differing value system

Ineffective Health Maintenance r/t addiction

Deficient Knowledge r/t lack of exposure to information regarding effects of substance abuse in pregnancy

Noncompliance r/t differing value system, cultural influences, addiction

Risk for impaired Attachment: Risk factors: substance abuse, inability of parent to meet infant’s or own personal needs

Risk for Infection: Risk factors: intravenous drug use, lifestyle

Risk for Injury: fetal: Risk factor: effects of drugs on fetal growth and development

Risk for Injury: maternal: Risk factor: drug use

Risk for impaired Parenting: Risk factor: lack of ability to meet infant’s needs

See Alcoholism; Drug Abuse; Substance Abuse

Sucking Reflex

Effective Breastfeeding r/t regular and sustained sucking and swallowing at breast

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

See SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)

Suffocation, Risk for

Risk for Suffocation (See Suffocation, risk for, Section III)

Suicide Attempt

Risk-prone Health Behavior r/t low self-efficacy

Ineffective Coping r/t anger, complicated grieving

Hopelessness r/t perceived or actual loss, substance abuse, low self-concept, inadequate support systems

Ineffective Impulse Control r/t inability to modulate stress/anxiety

Post-Trauma Syndrome r/t history of traumatic events, abuse, rape, incest, war, torture

Impaired individual Resilience r/t poor impulse control

Situational low Self-Esteem r/t guilt, inability to trust, feelings of worthlessness or rejection

Social Isolation r/t inability to engage in satisfying personal relationships

Spiritual Distress r/t hopelessness, despair

Risk for Post-Trauma Syndrome: Risk factor: survivor’s role in suicide attempt

Risk for Suicide (See Suicide, risk for, Section III)

Readiness for enhanced Communication: willingness to share thoughts and feelings

Readiness for enhanced Spiritual Well-Being: desire for harmony and inner strength to help redefine purpose for life

See Violent Behavior

Support System

Readiness for enhanced family Coping: ability to adapt to tasks associated with care, support of significant other during health crisis

Readiness for enhanced Family Processes: activities support the growth of family members

Readiness for enhanced Parenting: children or other dependent person(s) expressing satisfaction with home environment

Suppression of Labor

See Preterm Labor; Tocolytic Therapy

Surgery, Perioperative Care

Risk for imbalanced Fluid Volume: Risk factor: surgery

Risk for Perioperative Positioning Injury: Risk factors: predisposing condition, prolonged surgery

Surgery, Postoperative Care

Activity Intolerance r/t pain, surgical procedure

Anxiety r/t change in health status, hospital environment

Deficient Knowledge r/t postoperative expectations, lifestyle changes

Nausea r/t manipulation of gastrointestinal tract, postsurgical anesthesia

Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements r/t anorexia, nausea, vomiting, decreased peristalsis

Ineffective peripheral Tissue Perfusion r/t hypovolemia, circulatory stasis, obesity, prolonged immobility, decreased coughing, decreased deep breathing

Acute Pain r/t inflammation or injury in surgical area

Delayed Surgical Recovery r/t extensive surgical procedure, postoperative surgical infection

Urinary Retention r/t anesthesia, pain, fear, unfamiliar surroundings, client’s position

Risk for Bleeding: Risk factor: surgical procedure

Risk for ineffective Breathing Pattern: Risk factors: pain, location of incision, effects of anesthesia or opioids

Risk for Constipation: Risk factors: decreased activity, decreased food or fluid intake, anesthesia, pain medication

Risk for imbalanced Fluid Volume: Risk factors: hypermetabolic state, fluid loss during surgery, presence of indwelling tubes

Risk for Infection: Risk factors: invasive procedure, pain, anesthesia, location of incision, weakened cough as a result of aging

Surgery, Preoperative Care

Anxiety r/t threat to or change in health status, situational crisis, fear of the unknown

Insomnia r/t anxiety about upcoming surgery

Deficient Knowledge r/t preoperative procedures, postoperative expectations

Readiness for enhanced Knowledge: shows understanding of preoperative and postoperative expectations for self-care

Surgical Recovery, Delayed

Delayed Surgical Recovery (See Surgical Recovery, delayed, Section III)

Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (SCAN), Child

Ineffective Activity Planning r/t lack of family support

Anxiety/Fear: child r/t threat of punishment for perceived wrongdoing

Deficient community Health r/t inadequate reporting and follow-up of SCAN

Disturbed personal Identity r/t dysfunctional family processes

Rape-Trauma Syndrome r/t altered lifestyle because of abuse, changes in residence

Risk for compromised Resilience: Risk factor: adverse situation

Readiness for enhanced community Coping: obtaining resources to prevent child abuse, neglect

See Child Abuse; Hospitalized Child; Maturational Issues, Adolescent

Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (SCAN), Parent

Disabled family Coping r/t dysfunctional family, underdeveloped nurturing parental role, lack of parental support systems or role models

Dysfunctional Family Processes r/t inadequate coping skills

Ineffective Health Maintenance r/t deficient knowledge of parenting skills as a result of unachieved developmental tasks

Impaired Home Maintenance r/t disorganization, parental dysfunction, neglect of safe and nurturing environment

Ineffective Impulse Control r/t projection of anger/frustration onto the child

Impaired Parenting r/t unrealistic expectations of child; lack of effective role model; unmet social, emotional, or maturational needs of parents; interruption in bonding process

Powerlessness r/t inability to perform parental role responsibilities

Impaired individual Resilience r/t poor impulse control

Chronic low Self-Esteem r/t lack of successful parenting experiences

Risk for other-directed Violence: parent to child: Risk factors: inadequate coping mechanisms, unresolved stressors, unachieved maturational level by parent

Suspicion

Disturbed personal Identity r/t psychiatric disorder

Powerlessness r/t repetitive paranoid thinking

Impaired Social Interaction r/t disturbed thought processes, paranoid delusions, hallucinations

Risk for self- or other-directed Violence: Risk factor: inability to trust

Swallowing Difficulties

Impaired Swallowing (See Swallowing, impaired, Section III)

Swine Flu (H1N1)

See Influenza

Syncope

Anxiety r/t fear of falling

Decreased Cardiac Output r/t dysrhythmia

Impaired physical Mobility r/t fear of falling

Social Isolation r/t fear of falling

Risk for Falls: Risk factor: syncope

Risk for Injury: Risk factors: altered sensory perception, transient loss of consciousness, risk for falls

Risk for ineffective Cerebral tissue perfusion: Risk factor: interruption of blood flow

Syphilis

See STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

See Lupus Erythematosus