L

Labor, Induction of

See Induction of Labor

Labor, Normal

Anxiety r/t fear of the unknown, situational crisis

Impaired Comfort r/t labor

Fatigue r/t childbirth

Deficient Knowledge r/t lack of preparation for labor

Acute Pain r/t uterine contractions, stretching of cervix and birth canal

Impaired Tissue Integrity r/t passage of infant through birth canal, episiotomy

Risk for deficient Fluid Volume: Risk factor: excessive loss of blood

Risk for Infection: Risk factors: multiple vaginal examinations, tissue trauma, prolonged rupture of membranes

Risk for Injury: fetal: Risk factor: hypoxia

Risk for Post-Trauma Syndrome: Risk factors: trauma or violence associated with labor pains, medical or surgical interventions, history of sexual abuse

Risk for Powerlessness: Risk factor: labor process

Readiness for enhanced Childbearing Process: responds appropriately, is proactive, bonds with infant and uses support systems

Readiness for enhanced family Coping: significant other providing support during labor

Readiness for enhanced Power: expresses readiness to enhance participation in choices regarding treatment during labor

Readiness for enhanced Self-Health Management: prenatal care and childbirth education birth process

Labyrinthitis

Ineffective Self-Health Management r/t delay in seeking treatment for respiratory and ear infections

Risk for Injury r/t dizziness

Readiness for enhanced Self-Health Management: management of episodes

See Ménière’s Disease

Lacerations

Risk for Infection: Risk factor: broken skin

Risk for Trauma: Risk factor: children playing with dangerous objects

Readiness for enhanced Self-Health Management: proper care of injury

Lactation

See Breastfeeding, Ineffective; Breastfeeding, Interrupted; Breastfeeding, Readiness for Enhanced

Lactic Acidosis

Decreased Cardiac Output r/t altered heart rate/rhythm, preload, and contractility

Risk for Electrolyte Imbalance: Risk factor: impaired regulatory mechanism

Risk for decreased Cardiac tissue perfusion: Risk factor: hypoxia

See Ketoacidosis, Diabetic

Lactose Intolerance

Readiness for enhanced Knowledge: interest in identifying lactose intolerance, treatment, and substitutes for milk products

See Abdominal Distention; Diarrhea

Laminectomy

Anxiety r/t change in health status, surgical procedure

Impaired Comfort r/t surgical procedure

Deficient Knowledge r/t appropriate postoperative and postdischarge activities

Impaired physical Mobility r/t neuromuscular impairment

Acute Pain r/t localized inflammation and edema

Urinary Retention r/t competing sensory impulses, effects of opioids or anesthesia

Risk for Bleeding: Risk factor: surgery

Risk for Infection: Risk factor: invasive procedure

Risk for Perioperative Positioning Injury: Risk factor: prone position

Risk for ineffective, cerebral, peripheral tissue and or decreased cardiac Tissue Perfusion: Risk factors: edema, hemorrhage, embolism

See Scoliosis; Surgery, Perioperative; Surgery, Postoperative; Surgery, Preoperative

Language Impairment

See Speech Disorders

Laparoscopic Laser Cholecystectomy

See Cholecystectomy; Laser Surgery

Laparoscopy

Urge urinary Incontinence r/t pressure on the bladder from gas

Acute Pain: shoulder r/t gas irritating the diaphragm

Risk for ineffective Gastrointestinal Perfusion: Risk factor: complications from procedure

Laparotomy

See Abdominal Surgery

Large Bowel Resection

See Abdominal Surgery

Laryngectomy

Ineffective Airway Clearance r/t surgical removal of glottis, decreased humidification of air

Disturbed Body Image r/t change in body structure and function

Impaired Comfort r/t surgery

Death Anxiety r/t unknown results of surgery

Interrupted Family Processes r/t surgery, serious condition of family member, difficulty communicating

Grieving r/t loss of voice, fear of death

Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements r/t absence of oral feeding, difficulty swallowing, increased need for fluids

Impaired Oral Mucous Membrane r/t absence of oral feeding

Chronic Sorrow r/t change in body image

Ineffective Self-Health Management r/t deficient knowledge regarding self-care with laryngectomy

Impaired Swallowing r/t edema, laryngectomy tube

Impaired verbal Communication r/t removal of larynx

Risk for Electrolyte Imbalance: Risk factor: fluid imbalance

Risk for complicated Grieving: Risk factors: loss, major life event

Risk for compromised Human Dignity: Risk factor: loss of control of body function

Risk for Infection: Risk factors: invasive procedure, surgery

Risk for Powerlessness: Risk factors: chronic illness, change in communication

Risk for compromised Resilience: Risk factor: change in health status

Risk for situational low Self-Esteem: Risk factor: disturbed body image

Laser Surgery

Impaired Comfort r/t surgery

Constipation r/t laser intervention in vulval and perianal areas

Deficient Knowledge r/t preoperative and postoperative care associated with laser procedure

Acute Pain r/t heat from laser

Risk for Bleeding: Risk factor: surgery

Risk for Infection: Risk factor: delayed heating reaction of tissue exposed to laser

Risk for Injury: Risk factor: accidental exposure to laser beam

LASIK Eye Surgery (Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis)

Impaired Comfort r/t surgery

Decisional Conflict r/t decision to have the surgery

Risk for Infection r/t surgery

Readiness for enhanced Self-Health Management: surgical procedure pre- and postoperative teaching and expectations

Latex Allergy

Latex Allergy Response (See Latex Allergy Response, Section III)

Risk for Latex Allergy Response (See Latex Allergy Response, risk for, Section III)

Readiness for enhanced Knowledge: prevention and treatment of exposure to latex products

Laxative Abuse

Perceived Constipation r/t health belief, faulty appraisal, impaired thought processes

Lead Poisoning

Contamination r/t flaking, peeling paint in presence of young children

Impaired Home Maintenance r/t presence of lead paint

Risk for delayed Development: Risk factor: lead poisoning

Left Heart Catheterization

See Cardiac Catheterization

Legionnaires’ Disease

Contamination r/t contaminated water in air-conditioning systems

See Pneumonia

Lens Implant

See Cataract Extraction; Vision Impairment

Lethargy/Listlessness

Adult Failure to Thrive r/t apathy

Fatigue r/t decreased metabolic energy production

Insomnia r/t internal or external stressors

Risk for ineffective Cerebral tissue perfusion: Risk factor: lack of oxygen supply to brain

See cause of Lethargy/Listlessness

Leukemia

Ineffective Protection r/t abnormal blood profile

Risk for imbalanced Fluid Volume: Risk factors: nausea, vomiting, bleeding, side effects of treatment

Risk for Infection: Risk factor: ineffective immune system

Risk for compromised Resilience: Risk factor: serious illness

See Cancer; Chemotherapy

Leukopenia

Ineffective Protection r/t leukopenia

Risk for Infection: Risk factor: low white blood cell count

Level of Consciousness, Decreased

See Confusion, Acute; Confusion, Chronic

Lice

Impaired Comfort r/t inflammation, pruritus

Impaired Home Maintenance r/t close unsanitary, overcrowded conditions

Self-Neglect r/t lifestyle

Readiness for enhanced Self-Health Management: preventing and treating infestation

See Communicable Diseases, Childhood

Lifestyle, Sedentary

Sedentary lifestyle (See Sedentary lifestyle, Section III)

Risk for ineffective peripheral Tissue Perfusion r/t lack of movement

Lightheadedness

See Dizziness; Vertigo

Limb Reattachment Procedures

Anxiety r/t unknown outcome of reattachment procedure, use and appearance of limb

Disturbed Body Image r/t unpredictability of function and appearance of reattached body part

Grieving r/t unknown outcome of reattachment procedure

Spiritual Distress r/t anxiety about condition

Stress overload r/t multiple coexisting stressors, physical demands

Risk for Bleeding: Risk factor: severed vessels

Risk for Perioperative Positioning Injury: Risk factor: immobilization

Risk for Peripheral Neurovascular Dysfunction: Risk factors: trauma, orthopedic and neurovascular surgery, compression of nerves and blood vessels

Risk for Powerlessness: Risk factor: unknown outcome of procedure

Risk for impaired Religiosity: Risk factors: suffering, hospitalization

See Surgery, Postoperative Care

Liposuction

Disturbed Body Image r/t dissatisfaction with unwanted fat deposits in body

Risk for compromised Resilience: Risk factor: body image disturbance

Readiness for enhanced Decision-Making: expressed desire to make decision regarding liposuction

Readiness for enhanced Self-Concept: satisfaction with new body image

See Surgery, Perioperative Care; Surgery, Postoperative Care; Surgery, Preoperative Care

Lithotripsy

Readiness for enhanced Self-Health Management: expresses desire for information related to procedure and aftercare and prevention of stones

See Kidney Stone

Liver Biopsy

Anxiety r/t procedure and results

Risk for deficient Fluid Volume: Risk factor: hemorrhage from biopsy site

Risk for Powerlessness: Risk factor: inability to control outcome of procedure

Liver Cancer

Risk for ineffective Gastrointestinal Perfusion: Risk factor: liver dysfunction

Risk for impaired Liver Function: Risk factor: disease process

Risk for compromised Resilience: Risk factor: serious illness

See Cancer; Chemotherapy; Radiation Therapy

Liver Disease

See Cirrhosis; Hepatitis

Liver Function

Risk for impaired Liver Function (See Liver Function, impaired, risk for, Section III)

Liver Transplant

Impaired Comfort r/t surgical pain

Decisional Conflict r/t acceptance of donor liver

Ineffective Protection r/t immunosuppressive therapy

Risk for impaired Liver Function: Risk factors: possible rejection, infection

Readiness for enhanced Family Processes: change in physical needs of family member

Readiness for enhanced Self-Health Management: desire to manage the treatment and prevention of complications posttransplant

Readiness for enhanced Spiritual Well-Being: heightened coping

See Surgery, Perioperative Care; Surgery, Postoperative Care; Surgery, Preoperative Care

Living Will

Moral Distress r/t end-of-life decisions

Readiness for enhanced Decision-Making: expresses desire to enhance understanding of choices for decision making

Readiness for enhanced Relationship: shares information with others

Readiness for enhanced Religiosity: request to meet with religious leaders or facilitators

Readiness for enhanced Resilience: uses effective communication

Readiness for enhanced Spiritual Well-Being: acceptance of and preparation for end of life

See Advance Directives

Lobectomy

See Thoracotomy

Loneliness

Spiritual Distress r/t loneliness, social alienation

Risk for Loneliness (See Loneliness, risk for, Section III)

Risk for impaired Religiosity: Risk factor: lack of social interaction

Risk for situational low Self-Esteem: Risk factors: failure, rejection

Readiness for enhanced Hope: expresses desire to enhance interconnectedness with others

Readiness for enhanced Relationship: expresses satisfaction with complementary relationship between partners

Loose Stools (Bowel Movements)

Diarrhea r/t increased gastric motility

Risk for dysfunctional Gastrointestinal Motility: Risk factor: diarrhea

See cause of Loose Stools; Diarrhea

Loss of Bladder Control

See Incontinence of Urine

Loss of Bowel Control

See Incontinence of Stool

Lou Gehrig’s Disease

See Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Low Back Pain

Impaired Comfort r/t back pain

Ineffective Health Maintenance r/t deficient knowledge regarding self-care with back pain

Impaired physical Mobility r/t back pain

Chronic Pain r/t degenerative processes, musculotendinous strain, injury, inflammation, congenital deformities

Urinary Retention r/t possible spinal cord compression

Risk for Powerlessness: Risk factor: living with chronic pain

Readiness for enhanced Self-Health Management: expressed desire for information to manage pain

Low Blood Pressure

See Hypotension

Low Blood Sugar

See Hypoglycemia

Lower GI Bleeding

See GI Bleed (Gastrointestinal Bleeding)

Lumbar Puncture

Anxiety r/t invasive procedure and unknown results

Deficient Knowledge r/t information about procedure

Acute Pain r/t possible loss of cerebrospinal fluid

Risk for Infection: Risk factor: invasive procedure

Risk for ineffective Cerebral tissue perfusion: Risk factor: treatment-related side effects

Lumpectomy

Decisional Conflict r/t treatment choices

Readiness for enhanced Knowledge: preoperative and postoperative care

Readiness for enhanced Spiritual Well-Being: hope of benign diagnosis

See Cancer

Lung Cancer

See Cancer; Chemotherapy; Radiation Therapy; Thoracotomy

Lung Surgery

See Thoracotomy

Lupus Erythematosus

Disturbed Body Image r/t change in skin, rash, lesions, ulcers, mottled erythema

Fatigue r/t increased metabolic requirements

Ineffective Health Maintenance r/t deficient knowledge regarding medication, diet, activity

Acute Pain r/t inflammatory process

Powerlessness r/t unpredictability of course of disease

Impaired Religiosity r/t ineffective coping with disease

Chronic Sorrow r/t presence of chronic illness

Spiritual Distress r/t chronicity of disease, unknown etiology

Risk for compromised Resilience: Risk factor: chronic disease

Risk for impaired Skin Integrity: Risk factors: chronic inflammation, edema, altered circulation

Risk for decreased Cardiac tissue perfusion: Risk factor: altered circulation

Lyme Disease

Impaired Comfort r/t inflammation

Fatigue r/t increased energy requirements

Deficient Knowledge r/t lack of information concerning disease, prevention, treatment

Acute Pain r/t inflammation of joints, urticaria, rash

Risk for decreased Cardiac Output: Risk factor: dysrhythmia

Risk for Powerlessness: Risk factor: possible chronic condition

Lymphedema

Disturbed Body Image r/t change in appearance of body part with edema

Excess Fluid Volume r/t compromised regulatory system; inflammation, obstruction, or removal of lymph glands

Deficient Knowledge r/t management of condition

Risk for situational low Self-Esteem r/t disturbed body image

Lymphoma

See Cancer