V

Vaccines/vaccination
hepatitis B virus, 554
malaria, 228
neoplastic disease prevention, 523
Vagal stimulation, antiarrhythmia, 437
Vaginal administration
levonorgestrel, 610
oestrogens, 603
Vaginosis, bacterial, 201
Vagus nerve, cardiac effects, 437
Valaciclovir, 215
Valganciclovir, 221
Valproic acid See Sodium valproate
Valsalva manoeuvre, 437
Valsartan, 400
Vancomycin, 179–180
Neisseria meningitidis meningitis, 197
Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis, 197
Varenicline, 374–375
Variability, clinical trials, 48
Variable dosage, 96
Variceal bleeding
cirrhosis, 548–549
drugs, 549–550
oesophageal, 599
prevention, 549
Varicella zoster virus infection, 213–215
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 520
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, 520t, 521, 522f
Vascular smooth muscle cells, calcium channel blockers, 396
Vasculitis, drug-induced renal disease, 462
Vasoconstriction, drug action prolongation, 97
Vasoconstrictors, 305
Vasodilators, 394–402
organic nitrates, 394–395
peripheral vascular disease, 402
Vasopressin, 599
deficiency See Diabetes insipidus
portal pressure therapy, 549
site of action, 454
Vecuronium, 303
Venepuncture, 396
Venlafaxine
adverse effects, 318
generalised anxiety disorder, 335
therapeutic efficacy, 316
Venous thromboembolism
heparin, 489–490
hormone replacement therapy, 604
oral combined contraceptive, 607–608
Ventilation, poisoning supportive treatment, 124
Ventolin See Salbutamol (Ventolin)
Ventricular fibrillation, 442
Ventricular outflow obstruction, 406
Ventricular premature beats, 442
Ventricular tachycardia, 442
Verapamil, 397
antiarrhythmia, 431t, 435
Verotoxic Escherichia coli, 198
Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) disorders, 444
Viagra (sildenafil), 465
Vibrio cholerae infection, 198
Vigabatrin (Sabril)
antiepilepsy drugs, 358
dosages, 355t
mode of action, 354
VIGOR trial, 245
Vildagliptin, 579
Vimpat See Lacosamide (Vimpat)
Vincent's infection, 193
Viral hepatitis, 553–555 see also specific diseases
Viral infections, 213–222, 214t
adrenal steroid effects, 565
drug therapy, 214t
immunomodulatory drugs, 222
skin, 275 see also specific infections
Viral warts, 269t
Viridans group streptococci endocarditis, 196
Visceral larva migrans, 237t
Viscous fibres, 539
Vitamin(s), 615–624
ethanol withdrawal, 147 see also specific vitamins
Vitamin A (retinol), 615–616
acne, 273
deficiency, 616
psoriasis therapy, 272
Vitamin B1 (thiamine), 616
ethanol withdrawal, 147
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), 616
Vitamin B12, 500–502
contraindications, 502
DNA synthesis, 500–501
folic acid metabolism vs., 502f
Vitamin B12 deficiency, 501–502, 501t
drug-induced, 501
management, 502
Vitamin B complex, 616–617 see also specific vitamins
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), 617
Vitamin D, 618–619, 618f
intoxication, 569
metabolism, 618f
pharmacokinetics, 617
pharmacotherapy, 619
  Page 667 
renal bone disease, 623
synthetics, 619
Vitamin D deficiency, 619
primary biliary cirrhosis, 552
hyperlipidaemia treatment, 450
Vitamin K, 483–484
deficiency, 483, 484
indications, 484
Vitamin K antagonists (VKA), 485–487
surgery, 487–488
VKA See Vitamin K antagonists (VKA)
VKA (vitamin K antagonists), 485–487
VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) disorders, 444
Volatile solvents
abuse, 159
poisoning, 132
Voluntary reporting, pharmacovigilance, 52
Vomiting, 565
Von Willebrand's disease, 485
Voriconazole, 225, 226
pharmacogenetics, 104t