S
Safety surveillance methods,
43
Salbutamol (Ventolin),
388
β-adrenoceptor-blocking drug overdose,
408
Salicylate
diabetes drug interactions,
581
Salmeterol (Serevent),
388
Salmonella intestinal infection,
198
SA (sinoatrial) node,
429
Schistosoma haematobium,
237t
Schistosoma japonicum,
237t
Schistosoma mansoni,
237t
Scleral thinning, adrenal steroids,
564
Scleroderma-like adverse reactions,
268
Sclerosing agents, coagulation disorders,
485
Seborrheic dermatitis,
269t
Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency, chronic,
566
Secondary hypertension,
419
Sedation/sedatives
anticoagulant drug interactions,
487
Segmental pneumonias,
194
Selective distribution,
90
Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
generalised anxiety disorder,
335
Selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMS),
603
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
generalised anxiety disorder,
335
obsessive-compulsive disorder,
335
social anxiety disorder,
334
Selectivity of drugs,
11,
77
drug discovery and development,
29
Self-regulating systems, chronic pharmacology,
98–100
Sensitivity, clinical trials,
49
Sequential designs, clinical trials,
48–49
Serotonin, antidepressant drug mode of action,
313
Serotonin receptors, antipsychotic drugs,
323
Serum sickness syndrome
drug adverse effects,
268
Sex hormones,
600–601
anticoagulant drug interactions,
487
selectivity,
600 see also specific hormones
Sexual function/dysfunction
β-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs,
407
antihypertensive effects,
418
Shigella intestinal infection,
198
Short duration insulin preparations,
574
Signal transduction inhibitors,
521
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs),
101–102
Sinoatrial (SA) node,
429
Sirolimus (rapamycin),
251
Skeletal muscle, methylxanthines,
154
Skin diseases/disorders,
269–275,
269t
antipsychotics,
327 see also specific diseases/disorders
Skin infections,
274–275
bacterial infections,
274
parasitic infections,
275
SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus),
258
Sleep disorders,
336–344
types,
337 see also specific types
Sleep-related breathing disorders,
342
Sleep scheduling disorders,
344
Slow release formulations,
498
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs),
31–32
Social assessment, poisoning,
127–129
Social habits, adverse drug reactions,
115
Sodium aurothiomalate,
253
Sodium calcium edetate,
129
Sodium cellulose phosphate (Calisorb),
463
Sodium cellulose powder,
621
Sodium cromoglicate (cromolyn, Intal),
474,
476–477
Sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam),
236
Solid preparations, topical drugs,
262
Solvent–detergent virally inactivated fresh frozen plasma (Octapla),
484
SPC (Summary of Product Characteristics),
42,
64–65
Special groups, human studies,
42
Special risk groups, prescribing,
100
Specific organ damage, cytotoxic drugs,
514
SPF (sun protection factor),
265–266
Spinal anaesthesia
regional anaesthesia,
306
Spironolactone (Aldactone),
456
competitive antagonism,
570
Splenectomies, septicaemia,
192
Spontaneous mutations, antimicrobial resistance,
169
Staff hazards, cytotoxic drugs,
517
Standard difference,
44f,
48
Standardisation, pharmacodynamics,
79
Staphylococcal septicaemia,
192
Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome,
192
Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis,
195,
196
Staphylococcus epidermis endocarditis,
196
Statistical significance,
43,
44
Statistics,
43–45
hypothesis of no difference (null hypothesis),
43–45
statistical significance,
43,
44
Stem cells, drug discovery and development,
32
Steroid hormone receptors,
600
Stevens–Johnson syndrome,
268
Stimulant drugs, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder,
340t
Stimulatory effects, ethanol consumption,
144
Stimulus–secretion coupling, secretory diarrhoea,
536
St John's Wort
(Hypericum perforatum),
67,
321
Stomach
mucosal protection mechanisms,
529
drugs,
531–532 see also specific drugs
Stool bulking agents,
539
Streptococcus aureus pneumonias,
194
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) pharyngitis,
192
Streptokinase,
491
myocardial infarction,
412
Strongyloides stercoralis (strongyloidiasis),
237t
Structural biology, drug discovery and development,
31
Subacute bacterial peritonitis,
550
Subclinical hyperthyroidism,
593
Subclinical hypothyroidism,
588
Subcutaneous administration,
88
Subdermal implantations, progestogen-only contraception,
610
Sublingual administration,
88
Substance habituation,
137
Sulfasalazine (SSZ),
187
ulcerative colitis management,
541
Sulfonamides,
187
nucleic acid synthesis,
173
Sulfonylureas,
578,
579t
diabetes drug interactions,
581
Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC),
42,
64–65
Summation, drug interactions,
108
Sun protection factor (SPF),
265–266
Superiority, clinical trials,
46
Supply, drug regulation,
62
Suppositories, constipation,
540
Suppression of disease,
9
Supraventricular tachycardia, paroxysmal,
438–439
Surface area calculation, dosing schedules,
97
Surgery
adrenal steroid effects,
565
antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis,
167–168
diabetes mellitus type 1,
582
diabetes mellitus type 2,
583
oral combined contraceptive,
608
Surveillance studies, human studies,
37
Surveillance systems, pharmacoepidemiology,
52–53
Sustained-release preparations,
97
Suxamethonium (succinylcholine),
303–304
Sympathetic nervous system,
373
Synaptic vesicle release, antiepilepsy drugs,
354
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH),
600
Synercid (quinupristin-dalfopristin),
185,
186
Synergism, drug interactions,
108
Synthesis, drug discovery and development,
30
Synthetic non-catecholamines,
386
Synthetic oxytocin (Syntocinon),
612
Syntocinon (synthetic oxytocin),
612
Systematic reviews, meta-analyses,
49
Systemic availability, absorption,
86–87
Systemic
Candida infections,
223
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),
258