N

Nabilone, 156
Nadolol
therapeutic dose, 405t
variceal bleeding therapy, 549–550
Nafarelin, 598
Naftidrofuryl (Praxilene), 402
Nalbuphine, 287
Nalidixic acid, 188
Naloxone, 288
as antidote, 128t
Named patient, unlicensed drugs, 66
Nandrolone, 602
Nappy rash, 269t
Naproxen, 293
Narcolepsy, 343
Narcotic analgesics, monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions, 321
Narrow-spectrum penicillins, 175
Natalizumab (Tysabri), 368
Nateglinide, 579t
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)
arterial hypertension treatment, 413–414, 415
metformin guidelines, 580–581
pharmacoeconomics, 25
Natural antimicrobial resistance, 169
Natural products, drug discovery and development, 32
Natural units, benefits, 59
Nausea and vomiting, 533–534
cytotoxic drugs, 511–514
levodopa, 363
opioid effects, 284
quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid), 186
Nebivolol, 409
therapeutic dose, 405t
Nebulisers, 476
Necator americanus, 237t
Necrotising fasciitis, 192
Nedocromil, 474
Nefopam, 282–283
Negative reactors, placebos, 18
Negligence
contributory, 14
drug-induced injury, 13–14
Negligible risk, 11–12
Neisseria gonorrhoeae See Gonorrhoea
Neisseria meningitidis meningitis, 197, 198
Neoadjuvant therapy, neoplastic disease, 509–510
Neomycin, 181
hepatic encephalopathy, 551
Neonatal septicaemia, 191
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Neonates
meningitis, 197 See also Paediatric patients
Neoplastic disease, 509–523
adjuvant therapy, 509–510
bronchogenic carcinoma, 151
cancer-related pain, 281
cell cycle targets, 521
chemo-immunotherapy, 521
chemoprevention, 521–523
chemoresistance, 510
drug development, 519
endocrine therapy, 517–518
hormonal effects, 517–518
immunotherapy, 518–519
neoadjuvant therapy, 509–510
oral combined contraceptive, 607
palliative therapy, 510
protease inhibitors, 521
radioimmunotherapy, 521
response to therapy, 509, 510t
signal transduction inhibitors, 521
systemic therapy, 509–510
targeted biological therapy, 519–521, 520t See also Cytotoxic drugs
Neostigmine, 303
anticholinesterase effects, 375
as antidote, 128t
myasthenia gravis treatment, 377
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, 457
Nephrolithiasis, 463
Nephropathy
allergic reactions, 118
urate, 514
Nephrotic syndrome
adrenal steroids, 568
drug-induced, 462
Nephrotoxicity
aminoglycosides, 181
vancomycin, 179
Nerve blocks, 306
Netilmicin, 181
Neural mechanisms, drugs of abuse, 139, 140f
Neural tube defects, 352
Neuraminidase inhibitors, 220 see also specific drugs
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 328
Neuroleptics, 290
Neurological disorders, 349–369 see also specific diseases/disorders
Neuromuscular blocking drugs, 302–303
aminoglycosides, 181
Neuromuscular junctions, cholinergic drugs, 373, 374
Neuromuscular transmission disorders, 377–379
drug-induced, 378–379 see also specific diseases/disorders
Neurone-blocking adrenoceptor-blocking drugs, 409
Neurontin See Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Neuropathic pain, 281
adjuvant analgesics, 290–292
cannabis, 156
Neuropsychiatric adverse effects, mefloquine, 233
Neurotransmitters
anaesthesia, 297–298
nociception, 279
Neutropenia
ACE inhibitors, 399
penicillin adverse effects, 174–175
Neutrophils, inflammation, 241
Nevirapine, 219
Niacin (nicotinic acid: vitamin B7), 616–617
NICE See National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)
Niclosamide, 238
Nicorandil, 401
angina pectoris, 411
Nicotine, 150–151
cholinergic drugs, 374–375
pharmacodynamics, 150–151
pharmacokinetics, 150
tolerance, 151
Nicotine-replacement therapy, 152
Nicotinic acid
hyperlipidaemia treatment, 450
mode of action, 446
Nicotinic receptors, 373
Nicoumalone (acenocoumarol), 488
Nifedipine, 397
oesophagus effects, 530
Nifurtimox, 235
Night cramps, 402
Nightmares, 343
Night terrors, 343
Nigrostriatal system, antipsychotic drugs, 323
Nimodipine, 397
Nitrates
mode of action, 423
oesophagus effects, 530
Nitrazepam
insomnia treatment, 340t
nomenclature, 70
Nitrofurantoin, 200
Nitrous oxide, 298–299
Nitrous oxide–oxygen See Entonox
Nizatidine, 471
NMDA receptors (N-methyl-d-aspartate), 279
Nociception, 279–280, 280f
Nociceptors, 279
N-of-1 clinical trials, 47–48
No-fault compensation schemes, 12
No-fault liability, 13–14
Nomenclature of drugs, 69–71
chemical name, 69, 70
confusing names, 71
non-proprietary name, 69, 70
non-proprietary (brand) name, 70–71
proprietary (brand) name, 70, 71
Non-alcohol related fatty liver disease, 553
Non-allergic reactions, asthma, 473
Non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drugs, 341
Non-blind trials, 46
Non-calcareous stones, nephrolithiasis, 463
Non-coronary thrombolysis, thrombolytic drugs, 491–492
Non-emulsifying ointments, 262
Non-ergot dopamine agonists, 363–364
Non-gonococcal urethritis, 201
Non-inferiority, clinical trials, 46
Non-motor symptoms, Parkinson's disease, 361
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 219
Non-overlapping toxicity, cytotoxic drugs, 516
Non-proprietary (brand) name, 69, 70–71
Non-specific vaccines, 518
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 243–246, 281–282
adverse effects, 244–245
gastrointestinal tract, 529–530
analgesic effects, 244
cardiovascular effects, 243
COX-2 selective, 530
drug interactions, 245–246
enzyme inhibition, 94t
indications, 244
menorrhalgia, 611
mode of action, 243, 244, 281–282
pharmacokinetics, 244
sports medicine, 141
topical applications, 262
use limitations, 533 see also specific drugs
Non-urticarial rashes, 116
Noradrenaline, 387–388
antidepressant drug mode of action, 313
clearance of, 386
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depletion of, 409
endogenous, 382
septic shock, 390
shock, 390
synthesis, 382–383
Norephedrine (phenylpropanolamine), 389
Norethisterone, 611
Norethisterone enanthate, 609
Norfloxacin, 188
Normal commensals, pneumonias, 194
Nortriptyline, 464
Novel antidepressant drugs, 312, 312t
Novelty, drug discovery and development, 30
Novel uses, drug discovery and development, 33
NovoMix 30, 575t
NovoRapid (Insulin Aspart), 575t
NovoSeven, 485
Nuclear receptors, 75
Nucleic acid metabolism, 164
Nucleic acid synthesis, antibacterial drugs, 173–174, 187
Nucleoside analogues, 512t
hepatitis B virus, 553
Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 217–218
Nucleotide analogs, hepatitis B virus, 553
Nutrizyme (pancreatin/Cotazym), 555
Nystatin, 225