I

131I See Radioiodine (131I)
Iatrogenic adrenocortical insufficiency, 566–567
Iatrogenic disease, 9–10
Ibandronate, 621
IBD See Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
IBS (irritable bowel syndrome), 544
Ibuprofen, 293
ICER (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio), 59
ICH (International Conferences on Harmonisation), 63–64
Ichthammol, 267
ICUs (intensive care units), acute severe asthma, 478
Idea, drug discovery and development, 30
Idiopathic hypercalciuria, 457
Idiopathic (primary) pulmonary arterial hypertension, 419
Idiosyncracy, 111
Idoxuridine, 215
Idraparinux, 490
Illness, non-compliance, 22
Imatinib (Glivec), 520t, 521
Imidapril, 400
Imidazoles, 225
Imipenem, 177–178
Imipramine, 464
Imiquimod, 222
Immediate hypersensitivity, 115
Immobility, poisoning supportive treatment, 124
Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity, 116
Immune-mediated drug reactions, 102, 102t
Immune system, adrenal steroid effects, 564
Immunisations, active, 524
Immunomodulatory drugs, 242–253
antimetabolites, 248
B-cell depletion agents, 254
biologic agents, 253–255
drug discovery and development, 32
mechanism of action, 242
mode of action, 248, 249f
neoplastic disease, 518–519
T-cell activation inhibition, 254–255
terminology, 248
viral infections, 222 see also specific drugs
Immunosuppression, 523–524
active immunisations, 524
adrenal steroids, 564
antithyroid drugs, 589
chronic drug effects, 119
indications, 523
inflammatory bowel disease therapy, 541
myasthenia gravis treatment, 378
pneumonias, 195
tuberculosis, 206 see also specific drugs
Impetigo, 269t
Impotence, adverse drug reactions, 121
Inappropriate prescribing, 20
Incapacitating agents, poisoning, 133
Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), 59
Incretin analogues, 579
Indanediones, 483–484, 488
Indapamide, 456
efficacy, 454
Indirect-acting cholinergic drugs, 372–373
Indiscriminate use, antimicrobial drug resistance, 169
Indoramin, 403
Induction
general anaesthesia, 296–297
ketamine, 301
Infants See Paediatric patients
Infections
adrenal steroids, 564
bacterial See Bacterial infections
primary, antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis, 167 see also specific infections
Infectious diarrhoea, 537–538
Infertility, 606
treatment, 606
Infiltration anaesthesia, 305
Inflammation, 241–242
cytokines, 241
diseases/disorders, 240
eicanosoids, 241, 241f
glucocorticoid therapy, 561
macrophages, 241
neutrophils, 241
phagocytes, 241
platelet-activating factor, 241, 241f
prostaglandins, 241 See also Anti-inflammatory drugs
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 540–544
remission maintenance, 543 See also Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis (UC)
Inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies, 369
Infliximab, 253, 254f
inflammatory bowel disease therapy, 543
ulcerative colitis management, 542
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Influenza, pneumonias, 194
Influenza A, 220–221
Information
compliance, 22
lack of, 22
non-compliance, 22
non-compliance, 22 See also Patient information
Informed consent, 20–21
human studies, 38
Inhalational administration, 88–89
anaesthesia see below
antimicrobial drugs, 166
Inhalational anaesthesia, 298–300
halogenated anaesthetics, 299
oxygen administration, 300
pharmacokinetics, 298 see also specific anaesthetics
Initial assessment, poisoning, 123
Innovace See Enalapril (Innovace)
Inorganic phosphate, 621
Inosine pranobex, 222
Inositol nicotinate, 402
Insect repellents, 267
Insomnia, 337
precipitating factors, 338b
treatment, 337–342, 340t
Insulatard, 575t
Insulin
actions, 573
adverse effects, 577–578
analogues, 576f
bovine, 573
dose, 577
historical aspects, 572–573
injection techniques, 577
pharmacokinetics, 574, 576f
preparations, 574, 575t, 576f
prescribing, 574–576
receptors, 573
regimen choice, 576–577
secretagogues, 578–579
soluble, 583
sources, 573
uses, 573–578 see also specific types
Insulin Glulisine (apidra), 575t
Insulin Lispro® (humalog), 575t
Insulin sensitizers, 579–580
Insuman Basal, 575t
Insuman Comb 15, 575t
Insuman Comb 25, 575t
Insuman Comb 50, 575t
Insuman Rapid, 575t
Intal, 474, 476–477
Integrase inhibitors, 216t, 220
Intensive care units (ICUs), acute severe asthma, 478
Intention-to-treat analysis, 43
Intercurrent illness, 99
Interferon(s)
neoplastic disease, 519
pegylated, 222
viral infections, 222
Interferon-α (IFN-α), 512t
hepatitis B virus, 553
hepatitis C virus, 554
polycythaemia vera, 506
Interferon-β (IFN-β), 367–368
Interleukin(s), 519
Interleukin-1 receptor, recombinant, 255
Interleukin-2 (IL-2), 512t
Intermediated syndrome, anticholinesterase poisoning, 376
Intermediate duration insulin preparations, 574
Intermittent claudication, 402
Internal malabsorption, vitamin D deficiency, 619
International Conferences on Harmonisation (ICH), 63–64
Intertrigo, 269t
Intestinal malabsorption syndrome, 484
Intestines, bacterial infections, 198–199
Intolerance, 111
Intramuscular administration, 88
progestogen-only contraception, 610
Intraocular pressure, 460
Intrathecal block See Spinal anaesthesia
Intrathecal opioids administration, 285
Intrauterine devices, copper, 610
Intrauterine system, levonorgestrel, 610
Intravenous administration, 88
antimicrobial drugs, 166
insulin, 574
multiple sclerosis, 368
regional anaesthesia, 306
Intravenous anaesthesia, 300–301
pharmacokinetics, 300–301
Intravenous bolus injection, 82f, 83
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IvIg), 252–253
Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA), 75–76
Inverse agonist receptors, 76
In vitro predictive tests, allergies, 118
Iodine, hypothyroidism, 589, 591–592
Iodoquinol, 235
Ion channels, ligand-gated, 75
Ipratropium (Atrovent), 381
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 478–479
Irbesartan, 400
Iressa (gefitinib), 520t, 521
Iron, 496–500
acute overdose, 500, 500b
chronic overload, 499–500
drug interactions, 499
homeostasis, 497f
poisoning, 500
Iron chelation therapy, 499–500
Iron deficiency, 496–499
functional, 499
management, 498–499
Iron dextran, 498
Iron sucrose, 498
Irreversible binding, receptors, 76
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 544
ISA (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity), 75–76
Ischaemic stroke, 492
ISIS-I study, 412
Isoconazole, 225
Isoflurane, 299
Isoniazid, 206
pharmacogenetics, 104t
tuberculosis, 202
Isoprenaline (isoproterenol), 388
antiarrhythmia, 437
as antidote, 128t
Isoproterenol See Isoprenaline (isoproterenol)
Isosorbide dinitrate (Cedocard), 396
Isosorbide mononitrate (Elantan), 396
Isoxsuprine, 613
Ispaghula, 539
Itraconazole, 225, 226
IUDs (intrauterine devices), 610
Ivabradine, 411
Ivermectin, 236
IvIg (intravenous immunoglobulin), 252–253