INDEX
A
Abdomen
blood supply to, 123–125, 153–156, 168
embryology, 172–179
innervation of, 123–124, 159–161, 170–172
lymphatics in, 123–124, 159, 170
muscles of, 121–122
overview of, 119
quadrants of, 120f
reference planes in, 120t
regions of, 120f
surface anatomy, 119–121
surgical incisions in, 126
Abdominal aortic aneurysm, 169
Abdominal cavity, 31f
Abdominal esophagus, 134, 134f
Abdominal stomach, 134
Abdominal viscera, 131–161
Abdominal wall, 121–126, 161–179
Abdominal wall hernias, 125
Abducens nerve, 22f, 23t, 370–371
Abducent nerve, 383f, 434, 434f
Abduction, 3f
Abductor digiti minimi muscle, 278f, 279t, 330f, 331t
Abductor hallucis muscle, 278f, 279t
Abductor pollicis brevis muscle, 330f, 331t
Abductor pollicis longus muscle, 318t, 319f
Accessory hemiazygos vein, 106, 107f
Accessory meningeal artery, 395f
Accessory nerve, 22f, 23t, 370–371
Accessory obturator nerve, 172t, 235f
Accessory pancreatic duct, 150
Accessory process, 44f
Achilles tendon, 227, 228f, 260f
Achilles tendonitis, 266
Acoustic neuroma removal, 406
Acromial angle, 295f
Acromial end, 295f
Acromioclavicular joint, 296, 296t
Acromioclavicular ligament, 296t
Acute appendicitis, 143
Adaptive immunity, 17
Adduction, 3f
Adductor brevis muscle, 241f, 242t
Adductor compartment, 333t, 334f
Adductor hallucis muscle, 278f, 279t
Adductor longus muscle, 240f, 241f, 242t
Adductor magnus muscle, 240f, 241f, 242f, 242t
Adductor magnus tendon, 241f
Adductor pollicis muscle, 330f, 331t
Adenocarcinoma, 88
Adenoids, 426
Adjustable gastric banding, 137
Adnexa, 189f
Adrenal gland development, 179
Adrenal glands, 28f, 29t, 30f, 163f
Afferent axons, 62
Afferent division, of CNS, 19f
Afferent impulses, 18–19
Agonist, 13
Air, on x-rays, 36t
Alar ligaments, 54
Allen’s test, 329
Ametropias, 387
Amniotic cavity, 33f
Anal sphincter, 209
Anal sphincter muscle, 209f
Anal triangle, 209–211
Anastomoses, 95
Anastomotic loops, 154f
Anatomical neck, 295f
Anatomical positions, 1–4
Anatomical variability, 3–4
Angina pectoris, 94
Angiogenesis, 95
Anhidrosis, 382
Ankle actions, 285t
Ankle fractures, 272
Ankle (joint), 266–285
Ankle sprains, 271
Annular ligament of radius, 314f, 315t
Anococcygeal body, 209f
Anorectal flexure, 183
Anserine bursa, 252
Antagonist, 13
Anterior auricular arteries, 374f
Anterior cardiac veins, 92t
Anterior cecal artery, 154f
Anterior cerebral artery, 361t, 362f
Anterior circumflex humeral artery, 303f, 304f
Anterior communicating artery, 361t, 362f
Anterior compartment of thigh, 240, 241t
Anterior cruciate ligament, 250f, 251t, 252f
Anterior cruciate ligament rupture, 254
Anterior ethmoidal foramen, 352f
Anterior ethmoidal nerve, 435f
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery, 361t, 362f
Anterior inferior iliac spine, 182f, 230f
Anterior intercostal arteries, 124f
Anterior intercostal vein, 78f, 124f
Anterior lateral malleolar artery, 276f
Anterior mediastinum, 74f, 104, 105f
Anterior papillary muscle, 97f, 98f
Anterior process fracture, 272
Anterior retromandibular vein, 418f
Anterior scalene muscle, 105f
Anterior spinal artery, 66, 362f
Anterior superior iliac spine, 129f, 181, 182f, 230f, 231f
Anterior tibial artery, 245f, 260f, 276f
Anterior tibiofibular ligament, 259f, 270t
Anterior tympanic artery, 395f
Anterolateral abdominal wall, 121–126
Antitragus, 400f
Aorta, 14f
aneurysm of abdominal, 169
Aortic arches (embryonic), 109, 110f
Aorticorenal ganglion, 160f
Aortic regurgitation, 101
Aortic sac, 110f
Aortic stenosis, 101
Aortic valve, 16, 98f, 99f, 99t
Apex
of heart, 93f
of lung, 84
Aphthous ulcer, 410
Apical nodes, 307f
Appendicitis, 143
Appendicular artery, 154f
Appendicular nodes, 159f
Appendicular skeleton, 6, 7f, 293
Appendicular skeleton development, 344
Appendicular vein, 155f
Appendix, 142
Aqueous humor, 384
Arachnoid granulations, 65, 65f, 355f, 357f
Arachnoid mater, 21, 21f, 64, 65f, 354, 355f
Arcuate popliteal ligament, 251t
Areola, 79f
Areolar glands, 79f
Areolar venous plexus, 80f
Arm, 307–313
Arterial circle of Willis, 361
Arterial occlusive disease, 284
Arteries, 14
Arthritis
rheumatoid, 333
septic, 258
Aryepiglottic muscle, 428f
Arytenoid cartilage, 426t, 427f
Ascending cervical artery, 430f
Ascending colon, 142
Ascending palatine artery, 430f
Ascending pharyngeal artery, 416f, 417t, 430f
Ascites, 131
Aspiration of foreign objects, 91
Assisted reproduction, 198
Atherogenesis, 15
Atlantoaxial joint, 48, 49t, 50f, 54
Atlanto-occipital joint, 48, 49t, 50f, 54
Atrial septal defect, 114
Atrial septation, 112f
Atrioventricular groove, 92
Atrioventricular node, 102
Atrioventricular valves, 96
Auditory ossicles, 7f
Auditory tube, 402
Auricle, 400f
Auricularis anterior muscle, 372f
Auricularis posterior muscle, 372f
Auricularis superior muscle, 372f
Auriculotemporal nerve, 373f, 393, 394f, 435f
Autonomic nervous system, 19f, 21, 23–25, 61, 102–103
Axial plane, 3
Axial skeleton, 6
Axilla, 303–307
Axillary artery, 124f, 303, 304f
Axillary lipoma, 306
Axillary lymph nodes, 17f, 307
Axillary nerve, 304f, 306t, 308f, 336t
Axillary nodes, 123
Axillary tail, 80
Axillary vessels, 303–305
Axon, 19f
Azygos vein, 78f, 80f, 105f, 106, 107f
Azygos venous system, 55, 106, 168
B
Back
blood supply to, 54
embryology of, 66–71
joints in, 48–51
movement of, 54
muscles, 56–59
overview of, 41
vertebral column in, 41–55
Bariatric surgery, 137
Bartholin’s gland, 212f
Basilar artery, 67f, 361t, 362f
Basilar plexus, 356f
Basilic vein, 14f, 293, 304f, 310, 311f
Basivertebral vein, 54f
Bell’s palsy, 375
Biceps brachii muscle, 308f, 309t, 311f
Biceps brachii rupture, 313
Biceps brachii tendon, 297f
Biceps femoris muscle, 242f, 243t, 251t
Biceps femoris tendon, 250f, 252f, 259f
Bifid toe, 281
Bifurcate ligaments, 269f
Bilaminar embryonic disc, 32–33
Bilateral symmetry, 41
Bile stasis, 149
Biliary colic, 149
Bladder, 28
Blepharitis, 386
Blink reflex, 385
Blood, 13
Blood circulation, 13f
Blood composition, 12f
Blood functions, 13–14
Blood pressure measurement, 311
Blood vessels, 14
Body regions, 2f
Bone
compact, 6
development, 9
fractures, 10
growth of, 8f
markings on, 8
shapes of, 7f
spongy, 6
on X-rays, 36t
Bony labyrinth, 403
Bony orbit, 377
Bony pelvic girdle, 181–183
Brachial artery, 14f, 303f, 304f, 310
Brachial plexopathy, 305
Brachial plexus, 60f, 105f, 304f, 305–306
Brachial pulse, 14f
Brachial vein, 14f, 304f, 311f
Brachialis muscle, 308f, 309t, 311f
Brachiocephalic trunk, 93f, 105f, 106f
Brachiocephalic vein, 14f, 86f, 91f, 93f, 105f, 107f, 431f
Brachioradialis muscle, 317f, 318t, 319f
Brain, 354–371
Brain development, 438
Branchial arches, 436
Breast cancer, 82
Breast, female, 79
Bregma, 352
Broad ligament, 188, 189f, 190t
Bronchi, 90
Bronchial arteries, 86, 104, 106f
Bronchial veins, 86
Bronchiogenic carcinoma, 88
Bronchitis, chronic, 89
Bronchogenic cyst, 108
Bronchomediastinal trunk, 86f
Bronchopulmonary ligament, 85t
Bronchopulmonary node, 86, 86f
Bronchopulmonary segments, 90
Buccal branches, 373f
Buccal nerve, 373f, 393, 394f, 435f
Buccinator muscle, 372f, 391f, 408f
Buccinator node, 432f
Buck’s fascia, 199f, 216, 217f, 218f
Bulbar conjunctiva, 379f, 384f
Bulbospongiosus muscle, 209f, 212f
Bulbourethral duct, 200f
Bulbourethral gland, 200f, 221
Bundle branches, 102
Bunion, 281
Burns, 5
Buttock pain, 244
C
Calcaneal fractures, 272
Calcaneal tendon, 227, 228f, 260f
Calcaneal tuberosity, 260f
Calcaneocuboid joint, 270t
Calcaneocuboid ligament, 270t
Calcaneofibular ligament, 259f, 269f
Calcaneonavicular ligament, 269f
Calcaneus (heel of foot), 267f, 268f, 268t
Camper fascia, 217f
Cancer
breast, 82
cervical, 191
colorectal, 145
kidney, 167
lung, 88
oral cavity, 411
pancreatic, 151
prostate, 204
testicular, 201
tibial, 264
Capitate bone, 323
Capitulum, 295f
Capsular ligament, 230t, 251t, 270t
Capsule ligament, 77t
Caput medusae, 157
Cardiac auscultation, 100
Cardiac defibrillators, 104
Cardiac notch, 85t
Cardiac pacemakers, 103
Cardiac plexus, 103f
Cardiac skeleton, 99
Cardiac tamponade, 92
Cardiac valves, 99
Cardinal veins, 109
Cardiovascular development, 110f, 111
Cardiovascular system, 13–16
Carina, 90t
Carotid canal, 352f
Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula, 364
Carotid pulse, 14f
Carotid triangle, 412f
Carpal bones, 7f
Carpal collateral ligaments, 325t
Carpal joints, 322
Carpal tunnel syndrome, 328
Carpometacarpal joints, 322, 325t
Cartilaginous joint, 9
Cataract, 390
Caudate lobe, 147
Cecal arteries, 154f
Cecum, 142
Celiac trunk, 14f, 106f, 152f, 153, 153f, 154f
Central artery of retina, 385
Central compartment, 333t
Central lymph node group, 80f
Central nervous system, 18, 19f
Central venous access, 417
Cephalic vein, 14f, 77f, 124f, 293, 304f, 310, 311f
Cerebral aqueduct, 65f, 355f, 360f
Cerebrospinal fluid, 21, 65, 65f
Cervical branch, 373f
Cervical carcinoma, 191
Cervical curvature, 43
Cervical fractures, 45
Cervical lymph nodes, 17f, 107f
Cervical nodes, 432f
Cervical plexus, 60f, 412, 414f
Cervical sympathetic ganglion, 103f
Cervical vertebrae, 41, 42f, 44–45, 44t
Cervicothoracic ganglion, 103f, 433f
Cervix, 189f
Chalazion, 386
Chambers, of heart, 96–98
Chest drainage tubes, 84
Chlamydia, 215
Cholecystitis, 149
Cholelithiasis, 149
Chorda tympani nerve, 393, 435f, 436f
Chordae tendineae, 96, 97f, 97t, 98f, 98t
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 89
Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, 194
Ciliary ganglion, 26f, 160f, 382, 383f, 435f
Circle of Willis, 361
Circulation, 13f
Circumflex scapular artery, 303f, 304f
Circumvallate papillae, 407
Cirrhosis of liver, 157
Cisterna chyli, 17f, 159, 170f
Cistern of corpus callosum, 355f
Clavicle, 7f, 77f, 293, 295f, 296t
Clavicopectoral fascia, 77f
Clavicular fractures, 298
Cleft lip, 444
Cleft palate, 444
Clitoral artery, 214f
Clitoris, 31f, 209f, 212f, 212t
Cloacal membrane, 33f
Closed fracture, 10
Clubfoot, 281
Cluneal nerves, 228f
Coccygeal nerve, 236f
Coccyx, 41, 42f, 46, 47t, 181, 229
Cochlear duct, 403
Cochlear implant, 404
Colic nodes, 159f
Colitis, 143
Colles’ fracture, 326
Colorectal cancer, 145
Comminuted fracture, 239
Common carotid artery, 14f, 91f, 105f, 106f, 430f
Common facial vein, 418f
Common fibular nerve, 237t, 250f, 260f, 261f
Common hepatic artery, 148f, 153f, 154f, 155
Common iliac arteries, 152f, 168f, 206f, 206t
Common iliac nodes, 207f
Common iliac veins, 210f
Common interosseous artery, 320t, 321f
Common oral lesions, 410
Common plantar digital arteries, 278f, 280f
Communicating vein, 418f
Compact bone, 6
Compound fracture, 10
Compression neuropathy, 343
Compressor urethrae, 213
Computed tomography, 36–37, 37f
Condyle, 8
Condyloma acuminata, 215
Congenital anomalies of oral cavity, 444
Congenital clubfoot, 281
Congenital heart defects, 113–116
Congenital hip dislocation, 232
Congenital inguinal hernia, 130
Congenital malrotation of colon, 175
Congenital megacolon, 174
Conjunctival disorders, 386
Conjunctival fornix, 379f
Conjunctivitis, 386
Conoid ligament, 297f
Continuous murmur, 100
Contraction, muscle, 12
Conus arteriosus, 97f
Conus elasticus, 428f
Coracoacromial ligament, 297f
Coracobrachialis muscle, 308f, 309t, 311f
Coracoclavicular ligament, 296t
Coracohumeral ligament, 296t, 297f
Coracoid process, 75f, 77f, 295f
Cornea, 383t
Corneoscleral junction, 379f
Corniculate cartilage, 426t, 427f
Coronal suture, 352
Coronary angiogenesis, 95
Coronary arteries, 92t, 93–96, 93f
Coronary artery bypass graft, 95
Coronary bypass, 95
Coronary ligaments, 132t, 133f, 147f, 148t
Coronary sulcus, 93f
Corpus callosum, 360f
Corpus cavernosum, 31f, 199f, 218f
Costal cartilages, 75f
Costal groove, 75f
Costocervical trunk, 416f, 417t, 430f
Costochondral joint(s), 76f, 77t
Costoclavicular ligament, 76f, 77t
Cranial cavity, 31f
Cranial nerve development, 438–440
Cranial nerves, 20, 21, 22f, 23t, 370–371, 433–437
Craniosynostosis, 439
Cremasteric fascia, 127f, 128, 129f
Cremaster muscle, 126f, 127f, 129f
Crest, 8
Cribriform plate, 398f
Cricoid cartilage, 419f, 426t, 427f
Cricothyroid muscle, 419f, 428f
Cricothyrotomy, 427
Crista ampullaris, 403
Crohn disease, 141
Cubital fossa, 317
Cubital pulse, 14f
Cubital tunnel syndrome, 341
Cuboid bones, 267f, 268f, 268t
Cuneiform cartilage, 426t
Cupula, 83t
Curly toes, 281
Cystic duct, 148
Cytotrophoblast, 33f
D
Decubitus ulcers, 238
Deep, 1t
Deep artery of arm, 310
Deep artery of clitoris, 214f
Deep artery of penis, 218f
Deep artery of thigh, 240f, 245
Deep auricular artery, 395f
Deep cervical fascia, 412, 413f
Deep circumflex iliac artery, 124f, 245
Deep circumflex iliac veins, 124f
Deep dorsal vein of penis, 218f
Deep external pudendal artery, 245f
Deep facial vein, 374f, 418f, 431f
Deep fascia of penis, 199f, 216, 217f, 218f
Deep infrapatellar bursa, 252
Deep inguinal ring, 126f, 128, 128t
Deep palmar branch, 330f, 331t
Deep perineal fascia, 216
Deep petrosal nerve, 436f
Deep plantar artery, 261f
Deep temporal arteries, 395f, 430f
Deep tendon reflexes, 253, 309
Deep transverse ligament, 270t
Deep transverse metacarpal ligament(s), 326f
Deep transverse perineal muscles, 221
Deep venous thrombosis, 229
Defibrillators, 104
Degenerative joint disease, 11
Deltoid muscle, 293, 300f, 301t, 308f
Deltoid tuberosity, 295f
Dementia, vascular, 366
Demonvillier’s fascia, 199f
Denticulate ligaments, 64, 65f
Depressor anguli oris muscle, 372f
Depressor labii inferioris muscle, 372f
Depressor septi nasi muscle, 372f
Dermatomes, 22, 62, 63f, 64, 67–68, 288, 289f, 345–346
Dermis, 4
Dermomyotomes, 67
Descending colon, 142
Descending genicular artery, 245f
Descending palatine artery, 430f
Development
abdominal viscera, 172–179
bone, 9
of brain, 438
cranial nerve, 438–440
dermatome, 67–68
early, 32–35
facial, 442–444
of lower limb, 290
neuromuscular, 344
of reproductive organs, 222–225
respiratory system, 108–109
sclerotome, 67–68
of skeleton, 344
spinal cord, 70–71
testicular, 127f
urinary system, 176–178
vertebral column, 68–70
Diabetic foot lesions, 283
Diabetic retinopathy, 388
Dialysis, peritoneal, 132
Diaphragm, 162
Diaphragma sellae, 354
Diaphysis, 8
Diastolic murmur, 100
Diencephalon, 438
Digital tendon sheaths, 332f
Digital veins, 14f
Dilator muscle of pupil, 382, 384f
Direct inguinal hernia, 130
Dislocation, congenital hip, 232
Distal interphalangeal joint, 322, 326f
Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis, 282
Distal radiocarpal joint, 325t
Distal tibiofibular joint, 270t
Diverticulosis, 144
Dominant coronary circulation, 93
Dorsal aorta, 110f
Dorsal artery of clitoris, 214f
Dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament, 269f
Dorsal carpometacarpal ligament, 325t
Dorsal cavity, 31f
Dorsal cuboideonavicular ligaments, 269f
Dorsal cuneocuboid ligament, 269f
Dorsal cuneonavicular ligaments, 269f
Dorsal digital arteries, 276f, 280f
Dorsal digital nerves, 261f
Dorsal intercuneiform ligaments, 269f
Dorsal interosseous muscles, 280f, 280t, 330f, 331t
Dorsal metacarpal ligaments, 324f
Dorsal metatarsal arteries, 261f, 276f, 280f
Dorsal metatarsal ligament(s), 269f
Dorsal metatarsal veins, 228f
Dorsal nasal arteries, 385
Dorsal nerve of clitoris, 214f
Dorsal radiocarpal ligament, 324f, 325t
Dorsal radioulnar ligament, 324f, 325t
Dorsal root, 24f
Dorsal root ganglion, 24f, 60, 61f
Dorsal scapular artery, 304f, 416f, 417t
Dorsal scapular nerve, 306t
Dorsal talonavicular ligament, 270t
Dorsal tarsometatarsal ligament, 269f
Dorsal ulnocarpal ligament, 324f
Dorsal venous arch, 14f, 228f, 277
Dorsal venous network, 293
Dorsalis pedis, 14f
Dorsalis pedis artery, 276f
Dorsalis pedis branch, 276f
Dorsiflexion, 3f
Drainage tubes, chest, 84
Ductus deferens, 30, 31f, 127, 129f, 199f, 199t
Duodenal cap, 139
Dural venous sinuses, 356f, 356t, 357
Dura mater, 20, 21f, 64, 65f, 354, 355f
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, 195
E
Early development, 32–35
Ear tests, 404
Ears, 349, 350f, 400f, 401–406
Ectodermal derivatives, 34, 34f
Ectopic pregnancy, 196
Edinger-Westphal fibers, 382
Efferent axons, 62
Efferent ductules, 198
Efferent impulses, 18
Ejaculatory ducts, 198
Ejection click, 100
Elbow, 336t
Elbow dislocation, 316
Elevation, 3f
Embryology, of back, 66–71
Embryonic disc, 32–33
Embryonic vasculature, 109, 110f
Emergency airway, 427
Emissary veins, 356t, 374f, 431f
Emphysema, 89
Endoabdominal fascia, 121, 161
Endochondral formation, 9
Endochondral ossification, 344
Endocrine system, 27–28
Endoderm of foregut, 108
Endodermal derivatives, 34, 35f
Endometriosis, 192
Endometrium, 32f
Endomysium, 12f
Endoneurium, 20
Enteric nervous system, 21, 27, 61
Ependymal, 70
Ependymal cells, 20
Epicardium, 91
Epicolic nodes, 159f
Epicranius, 372f
Epidermis, 4
Epididymis, 30, 31f, 198, 199f, 199t
Epidural anesthesia, 66
Epidural hematomas, 363
Epidural space, 64
Epigastric arteries, 123, 124f
Epigastric nerve, 228f
Epiglottis, 18f, 407f, 426t, 427f
Epimysium, 12f
Epiphysial plate, 8
Epiphysis, 8
Epiploic foramen, 132
Episiotomy, 211
Epispadias, 224
Epitympanic recess, 402
Erectile dysfunction, 220
Erection of penis, 218
Erector spinae muscles, 56, 57t, 58f
Erythroplasia, 411
Esophageal arteries, 106
Esophageal sphincter, lower, 135
Esophageal varices, 157
Esophageal veins, 107f
Esophagus, 18f, 28, 29f, 104–106, 105f, 106f, 134, 134f
Ethmoid bone, 350t, 351f, 397, 398f
Ethmoid bulla, 395
Ethmoid nerve, 395
Ethmoidal arteries, 385
Ethmoidal foramen, 352f
Ethmoidal sinus, 397f
Eversion, 3f
Exertional compartment syndromes, 265
Extension, 3f
Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle, 318t, 319f
Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle, 318t, 319f
Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle, 318t, 319f
Extensor compartments, 327–328, 329f
Extensor digiti minimi muscle, 318t, 319f
Extensor digitorum brevis muscle, 262f, 276f
Extensor digitorum brevis tendons, 261f
Extensor digitorum longus muscle, 261f, 261t, 262f, 276f
Extensor digitorum longus tendon, 261f, 262f, 276f
Extensor digitorum muscle, 318t, 319f
Extensor hallucis brevis tendon, 261f, 276f
Extensor hallucis longus muscle, 261f, 261t
Extensor hallucis longus tendon, 261f, 262f
Extensor indicis muscle, 318t, 319f
Extensor pollicis brevis muscle, 318t, 319f
Extensor pollicis longus muscle, 318t, 319f
Extensor retinaculum, 271
Extensor tendons, 293
External carotid artery, 374f, 416f, 417, 430f
External carotid vessels, 429
External ear, 401–402
External iliac artery, 152f, 168f, 245f
External iliac nodes, 123
External iliac vein, 155f, 210f
External intercostal muscle(s), 77f, 78t
External jugular vein, 107f, 374f, 418f, 429, 431f
External oblique muscle, 77f, 79f, 121t, 122f, 129f
External pudendal artery, 123
External pudendal vein, 228f
External spermatic fascia, 126f, 127f, 128
Extradural space, 64
Extraembryonic mesoderm, 33f
Extraocular muscle testing, 381
Extraperitoneal fascia, 129f
Extrinsic back muscles, 56
Eye, 377–389
Eyeball, 384
Eyelashes, 379f
Eyelid infections, 386
Eyelids, 378–379
F
Face, 371–376
Facet, 8
Facial artery, 374, 399, 416f, 417t, 430f
Facial cutaneous nerves, 373f
Facial development, 442–444
Facial expression, 371–373
Facial fractures, 353–354
Facial nerve, 22f, 23t, 160f, 370–371, 373f, 408, 434, 435f, 436f
Facial nerve palsy, 375
Facial nodes, 432f
Facial pulse, 14f
Facial vein, 374, 374f, 418f, 431f
Falciform ligament, 132t, 147f, 148t
Falx cerebelli, 354
Fascicles, 11
Fat
as endocrine organ, 29t
perirenal, 164
on X-rays, 36t
Female breast, 79
Female peritoneum, 209–214
Female reproductive system, 30, 31f, 188–198
Femoral arteries, 14f, 152f, 241f, 245, 245f
Femoral fractures, 239
Femoral head, 230f
Femoral head ligament, 230t, 231f
Femoral neck fracture, 234
Femoral nerve, 171f, 172t, 235f, 240f, 241f, 286
Femoral sheath, 244
Femoral triangle, 244
Femoral vascular access, 245
Femoral vein, 14f, 228f, 240f, 241f
Femur, 7f, 229t, 230f, 238, 238t, 239
Fetal circulation, 116–117
Fetal descent of testes, 127f
Fibroadenoma, 81
Fibrocystic breast disease, 81
Fibroma, 410
Fibrous capsule, 164f
Fibrous digital sheath, 329
Fibrous joint, 9
Fibrous pericardium, 91
Fibrous trigones, 99f
Fibula, 7f, 247f, 248t, 259f, 261f
Fibular artery, 14f, 245f, 260f
Fibular collateral ligament, 251t, 252f, 259f
Fibular nerve, 228f, 236f, 237t, 250f, 276f, 288, 289f
Fibular notch, 247f
Fibular retinacula, 271
Fibularis brevis muscle, 261f, 262f, 262t
Fibularis brevis tendon, 260f, 262f, 269f, 276f
Fibularis longus muscle, 250f, 260f, 261f, 262t
Fibularis longus tendon, 260f, 269f
Fibularis tertius muscle, 261t
Fibularis tertius tendon, 261f, 262f, 276f
Finger injuries, 334
First-degree burns, 5
Fissure, 8
Fixator, 13
Flexion, 3f
Flexor carpi radialis muscle, 316t, 317f
Flexor carpi radialis tendon, 327f
Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, 316t, 317f
Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, 327f
Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle, 278f, 279t, 330f, 331t
Flexor digitorum brevis muscle, 279t
Flexor digitorum brevis tendon, 269f
Flexor digitorum longus muscle, 259t, 260f
Flexor digitorum longus tendon, 260f
Flexor digitorum profundus muscle, 316t
Flexor digitorum profundus tendon, 326f, 327f
Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, 316t, 317f
Flexor digitorum superficialis tendon, 326f, 327f
Flexor hallucis brevis muscle, 278f, 279t
Flexor hallucis longus, 259t, 260f
Flexor hallucis longus tendon, 260f, 269f
Flexor pollicis brevis muscle, 330f, 331t
Flexor pollicis longus muscle, 316t, 317f
Flexor pollicis longus tendon, 327f
Flexor retinaculum, 260f, 271, 327f
Flexor tendon, 293
Foot, 266–285
Foot infections, 282
Foramen, 8
Foramen lacerum, 352f
Foramen of Magendie, 65f
Foramen magnum, 352f
Foramen rotundum, 352f
Foramina of cribriform plate, 352f
Forearm, 313–321
Forebrain, 438
Foreign object aspiration, 91
Fossa, 8
Fourth ventricle, 360f
Fractures
ankle, 272
bone, 10
calcaneal, 272
cervical, 45
clavicular, 298
Colles’, 326
comminuted, 239
facial, 353–354
femoral neck, 234
femoral shaft, 239
Le Fort, 354
mandibular, 393
Monteggia, 321
orbital blow-out, 378
pelvic, 233
rib, 76
rotational, 273
scaphoid, 327
segmental, 239
skull, 353
spiral, 239
talar neck, 274
tibial, 248
ulnar, 321
zygomatic, 353
Free taenia, 140f
Frontal bone, 350t, 351f, 397, 398f
Frontal lobe, 361
Frontal nerve, 382, 383f, 395, 435f
Frontal sinus, 397f
Frontonasal duct, 397f
Full thickness burns, 5
Fundiform ligament of penis, 126f, 217
G
Gallaudet fascia, 216
Gallbladder, 28, 29f, 148–149, 176
Gallstones, 149
Ganglioneuroma, 108
Gangrenous appendicitis, 143
Gastric artery, 106f, 153f, 155
Gastric banding, 137
Gastric bypass, 137
Gastric nodes, 107f
Gastric stapling, 137
Gastrocnemius muscles, 227, 228f, 251t, 252f, 259t, 260f, 261f
Gastrocolic ligament, 132t
Gastroduodenal artery, 153f
Gastroepicolic vein, 155f
Gastroepicolic vessels, 152f, 153f
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, 135
Gastrointestinal system, 28
Gastrophrenic ligament, 132t
Gastrosplenic ligament, 133f, 134, 151, 152f
Genicular artery, 245, 245f, 260f
Genioglossus muscle, 406f, 407t
Genitofemoral nerve, 127f, 129f, 171f, 172t, 235f
Genu valgum, 265
Genu varum, 265
Geographic tongue, 410
Germ layer derivatives, 34
Gland lobules, 79f
Glaucoma, 389
Glenohumeral dislocations, 299
Glenohumeral ligament, 296t
Glia, 20
Gliomas, 368
Glossoepiglottic fold, 407f
Glossopharyngeal nerve, 22f, 23t, 160f, 370–371, 408, 433f, 434–436, 436f, 437f
Gluteal aponeurosis, 236f, 242f
Gluteal arteries, 206t
Gluteal intramuscular injections, 237t
Gluteal lines, 182f
Gluteal region, 235–237
Gluteal surface, 182f
Gluteal tuberosity, 239f
Gluteus maximus muscle, 209f, 214f, 236f, 237t, 242f
Gluteus medius muscle, 236f, 237t, 242f
Gluteus minimus muscle, 236f, 237t, 242f
Goiter, 420
Gomphoses, 9
Gonadal nodes, 207t
Gout, 284
Gracilis muscle, 240f, 241f, 242t
Graves’ disease, 420
Gray ramus communicans, 24, 25f, 61f, 160f
Great auricular nerve, 373f, 414f
Great cardiac vein, 92t
Great cerebral vein, 356f
Great saphenous vein, 14f, 227, 228f, 415t
Greater luminal diameter, 142
Greater occipital nerve, 373f
Greater omentum, 132t, 133f, 134
Greater palatine nerve, 435f
Greater pancreatic artery, 153f
Greater petrosal nerve, 436f
Greater sciatic notch, 230f
Greater splanchnic nerves, 160f
Greater trochanter, 227, 228f, 230f, 231f
Greater tubercle, 295f
Gridiron incision, 126
Groove, 8
H
Hairy tongue, 410
Hamate bone, 323
Hammertoe, 281
Hand, 322–336
“Hangman” fracture, 45
Hard palate, 409
Haustra, 142
Head and neck
eye in, 377–389
face in, 371–376
lymphatics, 432f
overview of, 349
scalp in, 371–376
surface anatomy of, 349–350
apex of, 93f
autonomic innervation of, 102–103
chambers, 96–98
conduction system of, 102
defects, 113–116
disease, 101
embryonic, 110f
external, 92–93
murmurs, 100
Heart disease, 15
Hemiazygos vein, 78f, 106, 107f
Hemorrhoids, 211
Hemothorax, 84
Hepatic diverticulum, 176
Hepatic ducts, 148
Hepatic flexure, 142
Hepatic portal system, 155–156, 156f
Hepatic portal vein, 107f, 148f, 153f, 155f
Hepatoduodenal ligament, 132t, 133f, 156
Hepatogastric ligament, 132t, 133f
Hepatopancreatic ampulla, 148
Hepatorenal ligament, 132t
Hernia(s)
abdominal wall, 125
hiatal, 136
incisional, 125
inguinal, 130
linea alba, 125
linea semilunaris, 125
paraesophageal, 136
sliding, 136
umbilical, 125
Herniated disc, 52–53
Hiatal hernia, 136
Hilum
of kidney, 164
of spleen, 152f
Hindbrain, 438
Hip, 229–234
Hip actions, 285t
Hip dislocation, congenital, 232
Hip fractures, 233
Hip pain, 244
Hoarseness, 429
Holosystolic murmur, 100
Hordeolum, 386
Horizontal fissure, of lungs, 85t
Hormones, 29t
Hounsfield, Sir Godfrey, 36
Human papilloma virus, 215
Hydrocephalus, 359
Hyoid bone, 7f
Hyperparathyroidism, 422
Hypertension, portal, 158
Hyperthyroidism, 420
Hypogastric nerves, 160f
Hypogastric plexus, 160f, 208f
Hypoglossal canal, 352f
Hypoglossal nerve, 22f, 23t, 370–371, 408, 414f
Hypoglossal nerve lesions, 411
Hypophysis, 398f
Hypospadias, 224
Hypothenar eminence, 293, 333t
Hypothenar muscles, 332f
Hypothyroidism, 421
I
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 89
Ileal papilla, 140f
Ileal vein, 155f
Ileocecal junction, 140f
Ileocecal lips, 140f
Ileocolic nodes, 159f
Ileocolic vein, 155f
Iliac arteries, 14f, 124f, 152f, 168f, 206t
Iliac lymph nodes, 17f
Iliac nodes, 123, 170f, 207f, 207t
Iliac spine, 41, 129f, 181, 182f
Iliac tuberosity, 230f
Iliacus muscle, 162, 235f, 241t
Iliocostalis cervicis muscle, 58f
Iliocostalis lumborum muscle, 58f
Iliocostalis muscle, 56
Iliocostalis thoracis muscle, 58f
Iliofemoral ligament, 230t, 231f
Iliohypogastric nerve, 171f, 172t, 235f
Ilioinguinal nerve, 129f, 171f, 172t, 235f
Iliolumbar artery, 206t
Iliolumbar ligament, 183f, 184t
Iliotibial tract, 126, 250f, 251t, 259f, 262f
Imaging, 36–38
Immune response, in lymphatic system, 16–17
Incisional hernia(s), 125
Incisions, common surgical, 126
Incisive canal, 398f
Incisive papilla, 408f
Incontinence, stress, 188
Incus, 400f
Indirect inguinal hernia, 130
Inferior alveolar artery, 395f
Inferior alveolar nerve, 393, 394f, 435f
Inferior alveolar vein, 431f
Inferior concha, 350t
Inferior epigastric artery, 123, 124f
Inferior epigastric vein, 124f, 125t
Inferior extensor retinaculum, 261f, 262f, 276f
Inferior fibular retinaculum, 262f
Inferior glenohumeral ligament, 297f
Inferior gluteal artery, 206t, 236f, 242f
Inferior gluteal nerve, 237t, 242f
Inferior labial artery, 430f
Inferior lateral genicular artery, 245f, 260f
Inferior medial genicular artery, 245f, 260f
Inferior mediastinum, 73, 74f, 104, 105f
Inferior mesenteric artery, 152f, 153, 153f, 154f, 155, 163f, 168f
Inferior mesenteric nodes, 159f
Inferior mesenteric vein, 107f, 155f, 156, 210f
Inferior nasal concha, 351f, 397, 397f, 398f
Inferior oblique muscle, 380
Inferior orbital fissure, 377
Inferior petrosal sinus, 356f
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, 424t, 425f
Inferior phrenic arteries, 152f, 163f, 168f
Inferior phrenic vein, 163f
Inferior pubic ramus, 230f
Inferior rectal artery, 209t, 214f
Inferior rectal vein, 210f
Inferior rectus muscle, 380
Inferior sagittal sinus, 356f, 356t
Inferior suprarenal arteries, 152f, 163f, 168f
Inferior thoracic aperture, 73
Inferior thyroid artery, 106f
Inferior thyroid vein, 418f, 431f
Inferior tibial vein, 431f
Inferior transverse ligament, 270t
Inferior ulnar collateral artery, 310
Inferior vena cava, 14f, 55, 107f, 168
Infraorbital artery, 374f, 430f
Infraorbital foramen, 399f
Infraorbital nerve, 373f, 435f
Infrapatellar fat pad, 252f
Infraspinatus muscle, 300f, 301t
Infraspinatus tendon, 297f
Infratemporal fossa, 393, 394f
Infratrochlear nerve, 373f, 383f, 435f
Infundibulum, 148f
Ingrown toenail, 282
male, 129f
Inguinal hernia(s), 130
Inguinal ligament, 119, 120f, 122f, 126, 126f, 128t, 129f, 181, 227, 228f
Inguinal lymph nodes, 17f
Inguinal nodes, 123, 207f, 207t
Inguinal region, 126–131
Injections, intramuscular, 237t
Innate immunity, 17
Inner ear, 402–406
Innermost intercostal muscle(s), 78t
Innocent murmur, 100
Insertion, muscle, 12
Insula, 361
Interatrial septum, 97f
Intercarpal joints, 325t
Intercavernous sinus, 356f
Interchondral joint(s), 76f, 77t
Interchondral ligament, 77t
Interclavicular ligament, 76f, 77t
Intercondylar eminence, 247f
Intercondylar fossa, 239f
Intercostal arteries, 55, 66, 67f, 79t, 106, 124f
Intercostal muscle(s), 77f, 78t
Intercostal neurovascular bundles, 79
Intercostal nodes, 107f
Intercostal vessels, 79
Intercostobrachial nerve, 304f
Intercrural fibers, 126f, 128, 129f
Interlobular lymph nodes, 86f
Intermediate nerve, 370–371, 436f
Intermetatarsal joint(s), 270t
Internal acoustic meatus, 352f
Internal carotid artery, 361, 361t, 374f, 429, 430f
Internal carotid artery occlusion, 367
Internal carotid nerve, 433f
Internal iliac artery, 152f, 206f, 206t
Internal iliac node, 207f
Internal intercostal muscle(s), 77f, 78t
Internal jugular vein, 91f, 107f, 374f, 418f, 429, 431f
Internal oblique muscle, 121t, 122f, 129f
Internal pudendal artery, 206f, 214, 214f, 221, 236f
Internal pudendal vein, 210f
Internal spermatic fascia, 128
Internal thoracic artery, 78f, 79t, 124f, 416f, 417t
Internal thoracic vein, 78f, 124f
Internal venous plexus, 55
Interneurons, 19
Interosseous carpometacarpal ligament, 325t
Interosseous membrane, 260f
Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, 269f, 270t
Interpectoral nodes, 307f
Interpeduncular cistern, 355f
Interphalangeal joint(s), 270t, 285t, 325t
Interphalangeal joint dislocations, 335
Interstitial fibrotic disorder, 89
Intertarsal actions, 285t
Intertubercular plane, 120t
Interventricular foramen, 65f, 355f
Interventricular grooves, 93
Interventricular septum, 98f
Intervertebral disc herniation, 52–53
Intervertebral foramina, 44
Intervertebral joints, 50t
Intervertebral vein, 54f
Intestinal trunk, 170f
Intestines, 28, 29f, 138–142, 142–146
Intraarticular sternocostal ligament, 76f
Intramembranous formation, 9
Intramuscular injections, 237t
Intrinsic back muscles, 56, 58f
Intussusception, 146
Inversion, 3f
Investing fascia
abdominal, 121
Iridocorneal angle, 384f
Iris, 383t
Ischial tuberosity, 182f, 242f
Ischioanal fossa, 210f
Ischiocavernosus muscle(s), 209f, 212f
Ischiococcygeus muscle, 184f, 185t
Ischiofemoral ligament, 230t, 231f
Ischiopubic ramus, 209f
Ischium, 181, 182f, 229t, 230f
J
Jaundice, 149
Jefferson fracture, 45
Jejunal artery, 154f
Jejunal vein, 155f
Joint(s)
degenerative disease in, 11
of pelvis, 184
types of, 9–10
in vertebral column, 48–51
Jugular foramen, 352f
Jugular fossa, 402
Jugular venous pulses, 417
Jugulodigastric nodes, 432f
Juguloomohyoid nodes, 432f
Juxtaesophageal nodes, 107f
K
Kidney(s), 162–167
cancer, 167
fusion of, 178
stones, 165
Knee actions, 285t
Knee (joint), 248–259
Knee osteoarthritis, 257
Knee sprains, 255
Kyphosis, 43
L
Labial artery, 214f
Labial nerves, 214f
Labrum, 230t
Labyrinthine artery, 362f
Labyrinthine wall, 402
Lacrimal apparatus, 378–379
Lacrimal artery, 385
Lacrimal bone(s), 350t, 351f, 397, 398f
Lacrimal canaliculi, 378, 379f
Lacrimal ducts, 378
Lacrimal glands, 378, 379f, 383f
Lacrimal nerve, 373f, 382, 383f, 435f
Lactiferous ducts, 79f
Lactiferous sinus, 79f
Lambda, 352
Lambdoid suture, 352
Langer’s lines, 6
Large intestine, 28, 29f, 142–146
Laryngeal cartilages, 426t, 427f
Laryngeal muscles, 428f
Laryngopharynx, 18f, 424, 424f
Laryngotracheal diverticulum, 108
Laryngotracheal ridge, 109f
Lateral aperture, 355f
Lateral circumflex artery, 231t, 232f, 240f, 245
Lateral collateral ligament, 250f
Lateral condyle, of femur, 239f
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, 428f
Lateral crus, 128
Lateral cutaneous nerve, 171f, 172t, 235f, 311f
Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve, 276f
Lateral epicondyle, of femur, 239f
Lateral intercondylar tubercle, 247f
Lateral ligament of ankle, 270t
Lateral ligament of bladder, 205
Lateral malleolus, 260f, 261f, 262f, 276f
Lateral meniscus, 251t
Lateral patellar retinaculum, 250f
Lateral pectoral nerve, 304f, 306t
Lateral plantar arteries, 277, 278f
Lateral plantar fascia, 276f
Lateral plantar nerves, 277, 278f
Lateral pterygoid muscle, 391
Lateral pterygoid nerve, 435f
Lateral rectus muscle, 380
Lateral rotation, 3f
Lateral sacral artery, 206t
Lateral tarsal artery, 280f
Lateral thoracic artery, 77f, 124f, 303f, 304f
Lateral thoracic nerve, 304f
Lateral thoracic vein, 124f, 125t
Lateral ventricle, 360f
Latissimus dorsi muscle, 56f, 57t, 58f, 122f, 300f, 301t
Lauterbur, Paul, 37
Least splanchnic nerve, 160f
Le Fort fractures, 354
Left auricle, 98f
Left brachiocephalic vein, 431f
Left colic artery, 155
Left colic flexure, 142
Left colic nodes, 159f
Left colic vein, 155f
Left coronary artery, 92t, 94f
Left gastric artery, 155
Left gastric vein, 155f
Left middle rectal vein, 155f
Left pulmonary vein, 98f
Leg, 246–266
Leiomyomas, uterine, 191
Lesser occipital nerve, 373f, 414f, 415t
Lesser palatine nerve, 435f
Lesser petrosal nerve, 393, 435f, 436f
Lesser splanchnic nerve, 160f
Lesser trochanter, 231f
Lesser tubercle, 295f
Leukoplakia, 411
Levator ani muscle, 183, 184f, 185t, 209f
Levator costarum muscle, 78t
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle, 372f
Levator labii superioris muscle, 372f
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle, 380
Levator scapulae muscle, 56f, 57t, 300f, 301t
Levator veli palatini muscle, 409
Ligamentum arteriosum, 93f, 98f, 105f
Ligamentum nuchae, 301t
Ligamentum teres, 31f
Ligamentum teres hepatis, 132t
Ligamentum venosum, 132t, 148t
Limb bud rotation, 345
Limbic cingulate cortex, 360f
Limbic lobe, 361
Line, 8
Linea alba hernia(s), 125
Linea aspera, 239f
Linea semilunaris hernia, 125
Lingual artery, 416f, 417t, 430f
Lingual nerve, 393, 394f, 435f, 436f
Lingual nerve trauma, 394
Lingual tonsil, 407f, 426, 426f
Lingula, 85t
Lipoma, axillary, 306
Liver, 147
cirrhosis of, 157
development of, 176
features of, 148t
in gastrointestinal system, 29f
Lobar bronchi, 90
Lobes
of liver, 147
Long ciliary nerve, 383f
Long diastolic murmur, 100
Longer gridiron incision, 126
Longissimus capitis muscle, 58f
Longissimus cervicis muscle, 58f
Longissimus muscle, 56
Longitudinal arch, 271
Long plantar ligament, 269f
Long thoracic nerve, 77f, 306t, 336t
Longus capitis muscle, 423
Longus colli muscle, 423
Lordosis, 43
Low back pain, 51
Lower esophageal sphincter, 135
Lower limb
ankle in, 266–285
dermatomes, 289f
embryology of, 290
leg in, 246–266
overview of, 227
revascularization, 246
thigh in, 238–265
Lumbar arteries, 55, 66, 67f, 152f, 168f
Lumbar curvature, 43
Lumbar ganglion, 25f
Lumbar lymph nodes, 17f
Lumbar plexus, 60f, 171, 172t, 235f
Lumbar puncture, 66
Lumbar splanchnic nerves, 159, 160f, 208
Lumbar trunk, 170f
Lumbar vertebrae, 41, 42f, 46, 47t
Lumbosacral joint, 184t
Lumbrical muscles, 278f, 279t, 330f, 331t
Lunate bone, 323
apex of, 84
cancer, 88
external features of, 85f, 85t
left, 85f
right, 85f
Lymph nodes, 17f
Lymphatic drainage, 16
Lymphatic duct, right, 16, 17f, 86f
Lymphatic system, 16–17
Lymphoma, 108
M
Macula, 403
Magnetic resonance imaging, 37–38, 38f
Main pancreatic duct, 150
Major segmental artery, 66, 67f
Male perineum, 216–222
Male reproductive system, 30, 31f, 198–204
Malleolus, 8
Mallet finger, 334
Malleus, 400f
Malrotation of colon, congenital, 175
Mammary lymph node group, 80f
Mandibular branch, 373f
Mandibular dislocation, 392
Mandibular fractures, 393
Mandibular nerve, 383f, 408, 435f
Mandibular nodes, 432f
Mansfield, Sir Peter, 37
Manubriosternal joint, 76f
Manubrium, 75f
Marginal artery, 154f
Markings, bone, 8
Masseter muscle, 391
Masseteric artery, 395f
Mastication muscles, 390–392
Mastoid air cells, 402
Mastoid emissary vein, 374f
Mastoid nodes, 432f
Maxillary arteries, 394, 395f, 399, 416f, 430f
Maxillary nerve, 383f, 395, 401, 435f, 436f
Maxillary sinus, 397f
Maxillary vein, 395f, 418f, 431f
Meatus, 8
Meckel’s diverticulum, 173
Medial circumflex artery, 231t, 232f, 241f, 245f
Medial cluneal nerves, 228f
Medial collateral ligament, 250f
Medial compartment of thigh, 240–241, 242
Medial crus, 128
Medial cutaneous nerve, 308f
Medial epicondyle, 239f
Medial ligament of ankle, 259f, 270t
Medial malleolus, 247f, 259f, 260f, 261f
Medial meniscus, 251t
Medial palpebrae arteries, 385
Medial patellar retinaculum, 250f
Medial pectoral nerve, 304f, 306t
Medial plantar artery, 278f
Medial plantar fascia, 276f
Medial plantar nerves, 277
Medial pterygoid artery, 395f
Medial pterygoid muscle, 391
Medial pubovesical ligament, 205
Medial rectus muscle, 380
Medial rotation, 3f
Medial talocalcaneal ligament, 269f
Medial tarsal artery, 280f
Median aperture, 355f
Median cricothyroid ligament, 419f
Median cubital vein, 293
Median glossoepiglottic fold, 407f
Median nerve, 304f, 306t, 308f, 311f, 317f, 338–339
Median nerve compression, 328, 340
Median rectal artery, 206t
Median sacral artery, 152f, 168f, 209t
Median sacral vein, 210f
Median sulcus, 407f
Median umbilical ligament, 205
Mediastinal arteries, 106
Mediastinal lymph nodes, 17f, 106, 107f
Mediastinal masses, 108
Mediastinum, 32, 73, 74f, 104–108
Megacolon, congenital, 174
Meibomianitis, 386
Membranous labyrinth, 403
Membranous septum, 98f, 98t, 99f
Membranous urethra, 221
Meningeal nerve, 393
Meninges, 20–21, 21f, 64, 65f, 354–356
Meningiomas, 368
Meningitis, 358
Meningocele, 71
Meningomyelocele, 71
Meniscal tears, 256
Mental nerve, 373f, 394f, 435f
Mental vein, 431f
Mentalis muscle, 372f
Meridional fibers, 384f
Mesencephalic nucleus, 435f
Mesencephalon, 438
Mesenteric arteries, 14f, 152f, 153f, 154f, 163f, 168f
Mesenteric ganglion, 160f
Mesenteric veins, 107f, 154f, 155f, 210f
Mesoappendix, 142
Mesodermal derivatives, 34, 35f
Mesometrium, 189f
Metacarpal bones, 7f
Metacarpophalangeal joint(s), 322, 325t, 326f
Metaphysis, 8
Metastatic brain tumors, 369
Metatarsal bones, 7f
Metatarsal injuries, 275
Metatarsophalangeal joint(s), 270t, 285t
Metencephalon, 438
Microglia, 20
Midaxillary line, 84t
Midcarpal joints, 325t
Midclavicular line, 84t
Midclavicular plane, 120t
Middle cardiac vein, 92t
Middle cerebral artery, 361t, 362f
Middle cervical sympathetic cardiac ganglion, 433f
Middle colic artery, 154f, 155
Middle colic nodes, 159f
Middle colic vein, 155f
Middle ear, 402
Middle genicular artery, 245f
Middle glenohumeral ligament, 297f
Middle mediastinum, 74f, 104, 105f
Middle meningeal artery, 395f, 430f
Middle nasal concha, 398f
Middle nasal meatus, 398f
Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle, 424t, 425f
Middle rectal artery, 206f, 206t, 209t
Middle rectal vein, 210f
Middle suprarenal arteries, 152f, 163f, 168f
Middle temporal artery, 374f
Middle temporal vein, 374f, 395f
Middle thyroid vein, 418f, 431f
Midface fractures, 354
Midline groove, 407f
Midline incision, 126
Midpalmar space, 332f, 333t, 334f
Mid-sagittal plane, 1t
Midscapular line, 84t
Miosis, 382
Mitral regurgitation, 101
Mitral stenosis, 101
Mitral valve, 16, 96, 98f, 99f, 99t
Moderator band, 97t
Mons pubis, 212t
Monteggia fracture, 321
Motor axons, 62
Motor cortex, 360f
Motor neurons, 18
Mucocele of lip, 410
Muller’s muscle, 378
Multifidi muscles, 57t, 58f, 59
Multiple myeloma, 249
Muscle(s)
abdominal wall, 121–122
of anterior thoracic wall, 76, 77f, 78t
of back, 56–59
of gluteal region, 235–237
of pelvis, 183–184
of posterior abdominal wall, 162
of shoulder, 301
Muscle contraction, 12
Muscular nerve, 393
Muscular system, 11–13
Muscular triangle, 412f
Musculocutaneous nerve, 304f, 306t, 308f, 311f, 336t
Musculofascial compartment, 349
Musculophrenic artery, 123, 124f
Musculus uvulae, 409t
Myasthenia gravis, 38
Myelencephalon, 438
Myelin sheath, 19
Myeloma, multiple, 249
Myenteric ganglion, 161
Myenteric plexuses, 27
Mylohyoid nerve, 435f
Myocardial infarction, 96
Myocardial ischemia, 94
Myotome development, 67–68, 68f
N
Nasal bone(s), 350t, 351f, 397, 398f
Nasal turbinates, 18f
Nasalis muscle, 372f
Nasion, 352
Nasociliary nerve, 382, 383f, 435f
Nasolabial node, 432f
Neck, 412–423
Nervous system, 18–27
Neural crest cells, 174
Neural plate, 70
Neurilemoma, 108
Neuroepithelium, 70
Neurofibroma, 108
Neuromas, 368
Neuromuscular development, 344
Neurons, 18–19
Node of Ranvier, 20f
Nose, 399f
Nosebleed, 399
Nucleus ambiguus, 437f