U

ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of dentin, 778
Ultrafil 3D system, 377f, 378
ultrasonic cleaning devices, 239, 834
ultrasonic energy, 339
ultrasonic equipment, 156–157, 330–331, 750f
configurations of, 751f
for dislodging posts, 934
endodontic units, 157f
EndoRez environmental scanning electron microscope (ESM), 264f
for obstruction removal, 929–930, 930f
for paste removal, 920
piezoelectric, 238f–239f
for post removal, 229, 903–904, 909
temperature changes induced by, 752
tip design, 751–752, 752f
tissue damage from, 911f
units and tips, 156–157, 157f
ultrasonic root-end preparation, 751
ultrasound imaging, 229
ultraviolet (UV) light, 259–260
underextension errors, 161f, 175f
unintentional replantation, 901f
uninterrupted power supply (UPS) systems, 1002t
unipotent stem cells, 603
universal collimator, 96f
universal precautions, 17, 88
University of California drug study, 403
unmyelinated nerve fibers, 474–475, 475f, 477f
unrestorable teeth, 897–898
unretrieved broken files, 427–428
unsuccessful retreatment, 948f
untreatable teeth, 779f
untreated canals, 895f, 899f
untreated endodontic lesions, 658–659
unusual tooth shapes/positions, 114
UPS (uninterrupted power supply) systems, 1002t
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), 98t
UTS (ultimate tensile strength) of dentin, 778