N

NaOCI See sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI)
naproxen, 680
narrow apical preparations, 319t
nasolabial fold, swelling of, 9
National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), 989f
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), 96
National Health Survey, 858
National Institute on Aging, 859
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 990–991
National Practitioner Data Bank, 424
natural killer (NK) cells, 538
natural scaffolds, 605
NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements), 96
Nd:YAG laser, 519, 914
NE (norepinephrine), 52, 675f
neck pain, 55
neck structures, 61–62
necrosis
of adjacent tissues, 812
of bone, 97
resistance to, 477–478
necrotic pulp See pulpal necrosis (nonvital pulp)
needle bevel and success of anesthesia, 701
needle breakage, 440–441
needle deflection during injection, 701
negative rack angles, 229–245
negligence, 414
concealing, 431–432
customary practice versus, 412–413
dental (definition), 410
examples of, 412b
incidence of, 424–425, 438
neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers, 273–274
nerve blocks See also local anesthesia
anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) nerve block, 705
articaine after failed inferior alveolar nerve block, 705
incisive nerve block at mental foramen, 699
inferior alveolar nerve blocks, 699–700
infraorbital nerve block, 704
palatal-anterior superior alveolar (P-ASA) nerve block, 704
posterior superior alveolar (PSA) nerve block, 704
second division nerve block, 704
nerve bundles, 475
nerve degeneration, 58–59
nerve fibers
development of, 455f
distribution of, 477f
plasticity of intradental, 481–482
substance P-positive, 484f
sympathetic, 474f
nerve growth factor, 455–456
nerve sensitization, 60
nerve supply development, 455
NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps), 533
networks, office (WAN, LAN), 971, 994
neuralgias, 57–58
neuritic pain, 57–60
neuroanatomy, 40 See also pulp innervation
autonomic nervous system (ANS), 42–45
central nervous system (CNS), 42
neural structures, 41–42
somatic structures, 40–45
neurogenic inflammation, 508–509, 508f, 534, 535f
neurogenic pain, 64t
neuroimmune interactions, 481–482
neurokinin A (NKA), 508
neurologic conditions, 5–6, 5b
neuromas, 57–59
neuronal phenotypes, 673
neurons
pain-sensing, 671–672
second-order, 51
sensory, 672–673
neuropathic pain, 53, 55, 57–61
neuropeptides, 480–481
in innate immunoinflammatory response, 540
neuropeptide Y (NPY), 474f
in pulpal response to irritants, 508
neurophysiology, 45
neurovascular pain, 56–57, 61
neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), 533
new product use, 414
NGF-mRNA, 482f
nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy instruments, 306f, 783–784
chemical properties of, 305–307
debris left by, 319
deformation of, 309f
files, 783–784
motors used with, 309f
physical and chemical properties of, 305–307
removal of separated, 311f
NIT (noninstrumentation technique), 292f, 339
nitric oxide (NO), 675f, 676
nitric oxide synthase (NOS), 675f
nitrous oxide (N2O), 676
nitrous oxide scavengers, 133–134
NKA (neurokinin A), 508
NK (natural killer) cells, in response to apical periodontitis, 538
NK-1 receptors, 675f
NMDA receptors, 675f
NO (nitric oxide), 675f, 676
N2O (nitrous oxide), 676
nociceptive afferent fibers, 672f
nociceptive pain, 53
drugs for relieving, 58
modulation of, 52
perception of, 675f
nociceptors, 53
depolarization of, 672
firing characteristics of, 673
inhibitors of transmission by, 675
innervators of inflamed tissue, 673
processing by, 51–52
nomenclature, 995
nonaxial forces on teeth, 788
nonbacterial microorganisms, 579–580
noncontinuous anesthesia, 697
noncutting tips, 232f
nonendodontic apical periodontitis, 551
nonendodontic lesions, 662
noneugenol sealers, 360
noninstrumentation technique (NIT), 292f, 339
nonnarcotic analgesia
acetaminophen, 679–682, 686f
ibuprofen compared to, 686f
and liver injury/failure, 680–682
limitations and drug interactions, 680
nonodontogenic toothaches, 38, 893f
case studies, 65–68
examination for, 64–68
musculoskeletal and somatic pain, 55–56
neuroanatomy of, 50–52
neurophysiology of, 52
pain-related terminology, 52
patient history of, 62–64
sources of, 55–62
tests for, 65
nonresorbable membrane materials, 764t
nonselective alpha-adrenergic blockers, 695t
nonselective beta-blockers, 695t
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 45–46, 60, 766
acetaminophen, 679–682, 686f
aspirin, 45, 680, 729
drug interactions with, 682t
efficacy and safety of, 679–680
limitations of, 680
mechanisms of action of, 672–674
nonselective, 680
for postoperative pain control, 684
pretreatment administration of, 98, 734–737
pretreatment with, 685
site of action of, 672–673
nonsurgical retreatment
access for, 900f, 909–924
gutta-percha removal, 910–914
paste retreatment, 919–921
silver point removal, 921–924
solid core obturators, 914–919
for apical periodontitis, 896f
broken posts, 903f–905f
canal impediments, 935–937
clinical presentations of posttreatment disease, 891f
coronal access cavity preparation, 899–901
etiology of, 890–892, 892f
finishing, 939
heat generation during, 934–935
perforation repairs, 939–944
persistent lesions, 893f
prognosis with, 944–945
removal of separated instruments, 924–934
unintentional replantation, 901f
unsuccessful, 948f
untreated canal, 895f, 899f
vertical fracture, 894f
nonsurgical treatment, 37, 67f, 84f
versus apical surgery, 898
assessment for, 358
evaluating for, 78
failures of, 77, 80
goal of, 95
outcomes for, 614–615
of perforations, 939–942
periradicular, 723f
radicular cyst regression after, 554
surgical versus, 420
wound healing after, 552–554, 553t
nonverbal communication strategies, 958–959
nonvital pulp See pulpal necrosis (nonvital pulp)
norepinephrine (NE), 52, 675f
normal teeth, 41
NOS (nitric oxide synthase), 675f
Notice of Privacy Practices, 91
noxious stimuli, 50–51
N2 (Sargenti) paste treatment, 358f, 362f, 431–432, 432f
NRM (nucleus raphe magnus), 52
NSAIDS See nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
NSRCT See nonsurgical retreatment
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 96
nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), 52