B

backfill, 375f
back-pressure for anesthesia success, 705, 712
bacteremia, 552, 588–589, 729
bacteria/bacterial infections See also infections
altered growth rates of, 567
anaerobic, 584, 586
antimicrobials/antibacterials, 253–255
and apical periodontitis, 530–531, 560
bacterial toxins in inflammatory response, 531
contamination by, 80–81, 353, 514, 666–667
coronal penetration of, 249–250
delays between visits and, 86
in dentinal tubules, 461, 644f
in dentin samples, 335
factors in, 286–287
at filling stage, 581–582
genetic exchanges by, 567
gram-negative, 572–573
gram-positive bacteria, 582
habitat range for growth, 566–567
historic studies of, 560
identification of, 589
infective endocarditis, 73
inoculation of microbes, 286
metabolic diversity and efficiency of, 567
nutrients in root canal system for, 578–579
oral cavity, 130, 132
pathogenicity of enhanced, 567
persistent, 567, 721–722
protection from environmental, 567
quorum sensing by, 567–568
sinus infections, 59
taxonomy, 571
bacterial persistence, 585
bacteria-tight seals, 352
Bacterioidetes clone X083, 573, 584
balanced force technique, 323–324
band and loop space maintainers, 832
barrier disinfection, 130
barrier placement, 133b See also rubber dams
basal lamina, 453–454
basement membrane (BM), 456f
B-cell antigen receptors (BCRs), 533
BCRs (B-cell antigen receptors), 533
BC (bioceramic) sealers, 361
behavioral and psychiatric issues, 77
acceptance of tooth loss, 872
of geriatric patients, 874
interventions for anxiety/fear, 959–960
distraction, 959
hypnosis/guided imagery, 959–960
referrals to mental health professionals, 960
relaxation, 959
bell stage of pulp-dentin complex, 454f, 456, 456f, 458–459, 474
Benadryl (diphenhydramine), 700
bevels, 149
bifid inferior alveolar nerve canal (IANC), 435f
bifunctional methacrylates, 784
bioactive glass, 255
bioactive proteins, 764t
Biocalex 6.9 (Endocal 10), 921
bioceramic (BC) sealers, 361
bioengineering, 852
biofilms, 565–568, 566f
bacterial interactions and, 566
community lifestyle of, 566–567
definition, 566
in dental water lines, 130
formation of, 568
resistance to antimicrobial agents of, 567
subgingival, 560
biohazard disposal, 89, 133
biologic properties of sealers, 269
biomechanical status, pretreatment, 779f
BioOss, 668f
biopsies, 77, 666–667, 724f, 744–745
bisecting angle technique, 99
bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis (BON), 75–76, 76b, 97, 555
bisphosphonates, USDA-approved, 98t
bite tests, 19, 27, 227
bite-wing views, 82–83, 107f, 994t
biting forces, 788
BK (bradykinin), 673
bleaching, 521–522, 790f–791f See also sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI)
bleach injuries, 438–439, 439f
bleach-resistant discoloration, 790f–791f
bleeding, postoperative, 767
blockages, canal, 935–937, 936f, 938f, 942f–943f
blocks, nerve See anesthesia/anesthetics (in general); nerve blocks
blood clot formation, 627, 882
blood flow, 75
humoral control of, 486
laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), 18
local control of, 486
pulpal, 17, 510–512, 511f–512f
through apical foramen, 657
blood pressure, 73, 483f
blood vessels in pulp horn, 485f
blunted roots, 146
B lymphocytes (B-cells), 533–534
BM (basement membrane), 456f
BMMSC (bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells), 603–604
BMP (bone morphogenic protein), 760–761
BON (bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis), 75–76, 76b, 97, 555
bonded resin, 632f
bonding materials, 787, 812
bonding of pulp exposures, 812
bone allografts, 942See also osseous-related entries
bone augmentation, 602
bone daggers, 416f
bone grafts, 667, 668f, 758, 764t
bone loss/diseases, 659
apical, 20f
bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis, 75–76, 76b, 97
demineralization of, 604–605
distraction osteogenesis, 602
endodontic, 15
food-impaction related, 818f
furcation, 15
halo-like, 29
isolated, 29–30
osteonecrosis, 336f
with perforations, 944f
periapical, 1012
radiographic changes, 20–21
resorption in apical periodontitis, 543, 544f
vertical root fracture and, 34f
bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC), 603–604
bone marrow stem cells, 602
bone morphogenic protein (BMP), 760–761
bone regeneration, 553–554, 662–663, 666f, 668f
bone removal, 744
bone replacement grafts, 662–663, 666f
bone resorption, 728
bone trauma, 727
bone wax, 746
bony defects, 79f, 185f, 758, 760f
botanicals, 404
bradykinin (BK), 673
braided files, 924f
brain lesions, 61
brainstem, descending neurons, 52
Brasseler Endo Extractor kit, 926f, 932–933
Brasseler GPX Instruments, 915f
breach of warranty, 964–965
breastfeeding, drugs compatible with, 74b
bridge formation, 492, 812
bridges
cantilever, 31f
fixed, 880f–882f
removers, 901, 901f–902f
British Society of Paediatric Dentistry (BSPD), 822
broaches, 231
barbed, 231, 232f, 290–308
broken instruments See separated/broken instruments
bruxism, 788
BSPD (British Society of Paediatric Dentistry), 822
buccal crown lengthening, 792–793
buccal object (cone-shift) rule, 103
buccal-object rule (cone shift), 103–106, 106f–107f, 166
buccal space, 593
abscesses, 428f, 659f
infections of, 9–10
swelling of, 9f–10f
buccal vestibular space, 593
Buckley’s formocresol, 826b
bud stage of tooth development, 458–459
bumpers, 906f
bupivacaine, 693t, 699, 703
burns (treatment-related), 422f
burs, 153–155, 154f–156f, 165f–166f, 233, 233f–234f
angle of penetration of, 158–159
Domer bur, 906f–907f
extended-shank round, 155
Gates-Glidden, 323f
improper angulation of, 176f
metal-cutting, 899–900
non-end cutting, 835f
patterns left by, 749
Roto-Pro Bur, 905f
safety tips on, 153–154
sequence of use of, 321f
transmetal, 155
trephine, 906f