D

danger space, 593

dark room organization, 102–103

dead tracts, 811

deafferentation, 478

debonding, C-factor for, 780

debridement, surgical versus biologic, 554

debris

apical extrusion of, 585

cotton fibers, 746–747

dentinal, 880–881

left by NiTi instruments, 319

in maxillary sinus, 731

removal of, 461–462

in tooth orifices, 149f, 175f, 316, 331–332, 935

decision making

filling material, 943–944

for practice management issues, 1025–1026

preserving versus replacing a restoration, 899–900

shared, 722

for treatment options, 722–723, 898, 939–941

deep somatic tissue, 55

defective instruments, 421

defective restorations, 157, 432

deflection of instruments, 160–161

DEJ (dentinoenamel junction), 460f, 656

delivery systems

apexification with calcium hydroxide, 254f

Calamus flow obturation delivery, 377f, 378

calcium hydroxide, 254f

fluid to canals, 316

gutta-percha, 245f, 376f–377f, 378–381, 380f–381f

HotShot, 378

intraligamentary anesthesia, 706

irrigation modes and devices, 331–333

medications paste, 615f–616f

for mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), 728, 756f

MTA placement, 727

obturation materials, 836

for obturation materials, 269–271

preclinical studies on, 606

for regenerative tissue, 606

for root-end fillings, 728

sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI), 256f

staining dyes, 267f

syringe types, 727–728

triple antibiotic paste, 608–609

demethylation, 687

demineralization, 357, 604–605

demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBAs), 666f

dendritic cells

in asymptomatic apical periodontitis, 542–543

pulpal, 469, 469f–471f, 507–508, 507f

denominators invaginatus, 611f

DenOptix system, 984–985

Dental Anxiety Scale, 436

dental basement membrane, 453–454

dental dams See rubber dams

dental health care personnel (DHCP) See staff issues

dental history, 6–9 See also diagnostic processes

for determination of vertical root fractures, 27

documentation of, 393, 397

of of geriatric patients, 861–870

interview techniques, 6

present problem, 6

dental operating microscopes (DOMs), 28, 137, 137f, 145f, 226–228 See also microscopes

dental papilla (DP), 454, 454f–456f, 456

Dental Patient Bill of Rights, 409

dental phobia, 954 See also anxiety/fear

dental pulp (DP), 457f, 525 See also See also pulp/pulpal entries

dental pulp cells (DPCs), 604f

dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), 603–604, 606f

dental sac (DS), 454f, 457f

denticles (pulp stones), 494, 1015f

dentin, 458–462

age-related changes in, 497

carious lesions in, 152, 490f

circumpulpal, 458–459

deposition of new, 816, 827f

EDTA exposure, 252f

elasticity of, 458

exposed, 515–516, 515f–516f, 560–561, 894

exposure to ethylenediamine Tetra-acetic Acid, 252f

formation of, 489–490

fragilization of, 777

groove creation in, 480f

injuries to, 810f

interglobular, 460, 460f

intertubular, 459, 460f

intratubular, 459

mantle, 458

peritubular, 460f

permeability of, 461–462, 516

predentin (PD), 459, 477f, 492f

permeability of, and pulpal reaction, 517f

primary, secondary, tertiary, 458, 489

protection of, 521

reactive (tertiary) dentinogenesis, 285, 504–506, 506f, 810f, 811

regenerative, 603, 606f

removal of, 325f, 330–331, 335f

removing/locating calcified canals, 173f

reparative, 490, 490f–491f, 493, 493f, 505–506, 506f, 812, 864f

root, mechanical properties of, 462–463

sensitivity, innervation of pulp, 478–480

structure/properties of, 604–605, 777–778

surface modifiers, 311–316

tertiary reactionary, 810f, 811

thickened, 641f

ultimate tensile strength of, 778

dentinal bridging, 811–812, 845f

dentinal fluid, 460–461

dentinal sclerosis, 459–460

dentinal tubules, 459, 477f, 492f, 656

arrangement of, 809f

bacteria in, 335–336, 560–561, 644f

branching of, 460f

description of, 479

fluid movement in, 36f, 479f

infections of, 287

leakage through, 150f

microorganisms in, 291f

number and diameter per square millimeter, 459t

pathogens capable of penetrating, 576–577

size/density of, 462f

dentinal walls

reinforcement of thin, 633

thickness change of, 613f

dentin and enamel junction (DEJ), 460f

dentin bonding, chlorhexidine, 250

dentin bridge formation, 492

dentin bulges, removal of, 164, 165f

dentin dust, 315f

dentin hypersensitivity

management of, 510, 511f

treatment of, 521

dentinoclasts (osteoclasts), 543, 544f, 642f

dentinoenamel junction (DEJ), 460f, 656

dentinogenesis, 285–286, 457, 472, 504–505

dentinphosphoprotein (DPP), 458–459

dentin protection measures, 521

dentin-pulp border zone, 477f

dentin-pulp complex See pulp-dentin complex

dentin regeneration, 603

dentin sclerosis, 505, 505f

dentin sensitivity, 478–480

dentin surface modifiers, 311–316

dentures, 859, 896–897

Depo-Medrol, 714

deposition of new dentin, 816, 827f

desiccation, pulpal damage and, 513–514

development, staff See See under staff issues

developmental grooves, 661–662

devices See diagnostic materials and devices; instruments

dexamethasone, 604, 683–684

DFDBAs (demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts), 666f

DHCP (dental health care personnel) See staff issues

diabetes mellitus, 73–74

diagnostic materials and devices, 223–229

for cracks and fractures, 226–228

digital radiography, 989

endodontic instruments, 229–245

hyperalgesia, 675f

image assessment, 228–229

off-the-cuff diagnoses, 437

for pulp sensitivity, 223–225

for pulp vascularity, 225–226

diagnostic processes See also cone-beam volumetric tomography (CBVT) See also radiography See also sensitivity assessment See also testing/assessment methods See also thermal testing specific condition, disease, or injury specific test procedures

apical periodontitis, 534–535

art and science of, 2–9

assessment interview questions

commencement of pain, 6

duration of symptoms, 6

intensity of symptoms, 6

localization of pain, 6

provocation of/relief of discomfort, 6

avulsed teeth, 648

blood from exposed pulp site, 820

chief complaint, 2–5

dental history, 6–9

for determination of vertical root fractures, 27

interview techniques, 6

present problem, 6

documentation of, 395

for emergencies, 40

establishment of working diagnosis, 817

examination/testing, 9–32

exploratory surgery for, 735f–736f

external versus internal root resorption, 645

extraoral examination, 9–10

framework for neuropathic pain, 55

with geriatric patients, 861

interview protocol, 957–958

intraoral examination, 10–15

for locating root canal orifices, 137

materials and devices, hyperalgesia, 675f

medical history, 5–6

for microorganism identification, 50

misdiagnoses, 893f

nonodontogenic toothaches See (nonodontogenic toothaches)

off-the-cuff, 437

pediatric, 817–821

for posttreatment disease, 892–894

pulp vitality See (pulp testing methods)

radiographic examinations and interpretations, 20–23

cone-beam volumetric tomography, 22–23

digital radiography, 21–22

intraoral radiographs, 20–21

referred pain, 31–32

root fractures See (root fractures/cracks)

sample forms for information gathering, 3f–4f, 7f

selective testing with anesthesia

locating pain sources, 66f–67f

to primary and secondary pain sources, 674–675

pulp testing methods, 19–20

software packages for, 8f

stages of, 2

for vertical root fractures, 27

diagnostic records, 393

Diaket, 753–754

diameter of maxillary teeth, 146

diameters of apical root canal, 148–149, 318

diamond burs, 153

diclofenac, 680

dietary supplements, 404

Dietary Supplements Health and Education (DSHE) Act, 404

differential diagnosis

cement trails, 29

documentation of, 393–395

endodontic/periodontal lesions, 661–662

intraligamentary anesthesia for, 706

nonodontogenic/odontogenic pain, 65

pulpal/periodontal disease, 662t

radiographic interpretation, 103

referred pain and, 32

stomal exits, 13–14

vertical root fracture, 27–28

differentiation (potency) of stem cells, 603

diffusion barrier, 285

difluorodichloromethane gas, 621f

digital documentation, 964

digital imaging instruments/systems, 966–967

cameras, 984f

complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) direct sensor, 985f

computer interface for, 992

cone-beam volumetric tomography See (cone-beam volumetric tomography (CBVT))

data quality, 985–987

DICOM compliant units, 994f

digital photography, 983–984, 984f

effective doses from x-ray procedures, 994t

fiberoptic imaging, 983

intraoral cameras, 978–983, 982f

markers/tags, 991–992

measurement, 991

microscopic imaging, 978

patient education systems, 989

quality assurance, 989

radiation protection, 987–989, 988f–989f

radiography, 21–22, 108f, 984–985, 989–991, 990f–991f, 993f

security of, 991

storage and compression of images, 991

visible light (VL) imaging, 982b

workflow improvement, 989

digitalis (Digoxin), 695t

digital photography, 983–984

digital radiography, 21–22

digital signatures, 966

digital technology/equipment See technology/digital technology

dilacerated root system, 104f–105f

diode lasers, 275

diphenhydramine (Benadryl), 700

direct composite resins, 780–781

direct composite restorations, 780–781, 795f–796f

direct digital imaging systems, 108

direct foundation restorations, 783–785

direct pulp capping, 518–519, 822, 840–841, 841f

disclosure errors, 416, 433

discoloration, 92, 780f, 790f–791f, 797f, 869 See also color

of crown, 821

of nonvital primary incisors, 835

of primary teeth, 834f

of single teeth, 869

of traumatized teeth, 821

discomfort See also See also pain entries

during anesthesia injections, 712

with intraligamentary anesthesia, 706

of intrapulpal injections, 711–712

provocation of/relief of, 6

disease transmission, 134

disinfection/disinfectants, 124, 311–316 See also irrigation/irrigants

of apical part of root canal, 319

canal disinfection, 630–631

of canal space, 132, 939

chlorhexidine (CHX), 132, 247–251, 250f, 254, 312–314

effectiveness of, 338

ethylenediamine Tetra-acetic Acid (EDTA), 137, 252f, 314–315, 749–750, 921

heating of solutions, 336

hydrogen peroxide, 335–336

iodine potassium iodide (IKI), 227, 249, 253, 314

low-level, 129

MTAD, 251–252, 251f, 314

povidone iodine, 248, 251

pretreatment, 124–130

protocols for, 609

pulpal reaction to, 519

sodium hypochlorite See (sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI))

techniques, 630–631

of treatment room, 129–130

displacement of teeth, 821

distal access cavities, 175f

distal root, 23, 83f, 210t, 886f

distofacial roots, 817

distraction osteogenesis, 602

distraction techniques, 959

diversity of microorganisms, 571–573, 572f

divided/split canals, 187f

DNA, 569

doctor-patient relationship, 956–957

documentation/records See also legal responsibilities/issues

abbreviations used in, 405, 405b

archiving, 975

clinician and staff initials log, 406f

computerized treatment records, 405

computer records, 966

confidentiality of, 966

corrections to record entries, 407, 407f

dental history, 393

diagnostic and progress records, 393

diagnostic tests, 395

digital, 964

electronic records, 393, 977

evaluation and differential diagnosis, 393–395

false claims/billing, 407–408

falsified records, 408f

forms (samples) See (forms (samples))

furcation defects, 15b

Government Computer-Based Patient Record (GCPR), 969–970

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), 405–406

identity of entry authors, 406

importance of records, 390

informed consent forms, 397

laws of computer records, 966

confidentiality, 966

digital signatures, 966

off-site backup, 966

protection against alteration, 966

legal responsibilities See (legal responsibilities/issues)

medical health history, 390–393

Medical History form, 392f

medication log, 398f

MedWatch, 404–405

Patient Account Information for, 391f

patient education pamphlets, 406

patient information form, 390

patient record requests, 406

perception of stimulus, 54

poor record-keeping, 964

postoperative instructions, 406, 406f

progress notes, 400f–401f

of radiography, 393

record excellence, 390–405

recording notes, 967

recording refusal of treatment, 418

record size, 406

referrals, 406–407

security of, 965–966, 975

S.O.A.P. (Subjective Objective Appraisal Plan) format, 6

spoliation, 407

of suspected etiology, 894

tooth mobility, 15b

of treatment history, 397–404

dietary supplements, 404

drug history, 402

FDA drug approval, 402–404

general patient data, 397

medical history, 398–402

of treatment methods, 397–404

dietary supplements, 404

drug history, 402

FDA drug approval, 402–404

general patient data, 397

medical history, 398–402

of treatment planning, 395–397

diagnosis, 395

examination, 395

patient consultation, 395

of treatment provided, 397

written records/forms, 133b

Domer bur, 906f–907f

DOMs (dental operating microscopes), 28, 137, 137f, 145f, 226–228 See also microscopes

Doppler principle, 18

dorsal horn, 51–52

dosages, local anesthesia, 693t

double-flare (crown-down) technique, 320–323, 328f–329f, 922f

double-flare technique (crown-down), 322

DP (dental papilla), 454, 454f–456f, 456

DP (dental pulp), 457f, 525 See also See also pulp/pulpal entries

DPCs (dental pulp cells), 604f

DPSCs (dental pulp stem cells), 603–604, 606f

drainage, 811

for controlling swelling, 42

of fluctuant swelling, 81f

incisions for, 42–45, 594

leaving teeth open, 42, 45

local anesthesia for, 713

from periapical area through canal, 46f

sinus tracts, 13

drills See also burs

Gates-Glidden, 292–294, 311f, 929f

slips of, 427

drugs See medications

drug-seeking behavior, 687

dry heat sterilizers, 127–129

dry ice, 15–16

drying techniques, 42

DS (dental sac), 454f, 457f

DSHE (Dietary Supplements Health and Education) Act, 404

dual-cured resin cements, 787

dual wavelength spectrophotometry, 226

duration of anesthesia, 697

infiltration, 712

intraligamentary, 706

intraosseous route, 710

mandibular, 697

for mandibular teeth, 713

maxillary, 703–704

duration of symptoms, 6

dyes See staining dyes

dystrophic calcification, 495